印太经济框架“供应链协议”的特征、趋势及中国应对  

Characteristics,Trends,and China’s Response to the Indo-Pacifi c Economic Framework Supply Chain Agreement

作　　者：常丽娟 CHANG Li-juan(Shanghai WTO Affairs Consultation Center,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海WTO事务咨询中心,上海200336

出　　处：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2024年第3期5-16,88,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics

摘　　要：“供应链协议”是印太经济框架(IPEF)下达成的首个协议,为印太地区各缔约方参与到由美国主导的供应链重塑进程,提供了基本合作框架。不同于RCEP、CPTPP等传统自由贸易协议,IPEF“供应链协议”具有非约束性、显著排他性、执行机制灵活性、劳工标准创新性等贸易制度新特征。IPEF“供应链协议”反映出拜登政府正推行与其产业政策协同的贸易新方法,其效用评估将重点取决于美国的单边举措。IPEF“供应链协议”的实施预计将加速推动全球供应链体系和生产布局的调整。同时,该协议也将在供应链转移、新兴竞争领域、劳工标准等贸易规则的话语权争夺方面,对中国提出挑战。为应对这一挑战,中国应予以高度重视,并通过强化多边合作、优化自身供应链、推动劳工改革以及积极参与国际规则制定等方式来应对IPEF“供应链协议”所带来的挑战。The IPEF Supply Chain Agreement,as the inaugural agreement under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework(IPEF),establishes a fundamental cooperative framework for Indo-Pacific nations participating in the United States-led initiative to enhance supply chain resilience.Distinct from traditional free trade agreements like RCEP and CPTPP,this agreement,in the context of global economic and trade rule reformation,is characterized by its non-binding nature,significant exclusivity,a flexible implementation mechanism,and labor standards governed by public oversight.These features denote a paradigm shift in trade system innovation and norm-setting.The Agreement mirrors the Biden administration’s endeavor to synchronize its trade practices with its broader industrial policy,with its utility predominantly contingent upon the unilateral measures undertaken by the United States.The execution of the IPEF Supply Chain Agreement is anticipated to expedite the reconfi guration of global supply chains and production structures.Concurrently,it presents challenges to China in several spheres,including supply chain transfer,competitiveness in emerging sectors,and establishing authority in the discourse of labor standards and trade regulation formulation.In response to these challenges,it is imperative for China to elevate its focus and devise strategies encompassing the reinforcement of multilateral collaboration,enhancement of supply chain effi ciency,advancement in labor standard reforms,and proactive participation in the formulation of international regulations.These strategies are pivotal for China to effectively address the challenges posed by the IPEF Supply Chain Agreement.

关 键 词：印太经济框架 劳工标准 供应链韧性 规则重构 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学] DF96[政治法律—国际法学]