有机溶剂电解质在电化学冶金领域的应用  

Organic solvent-based electrolytes for electrochemical metallurgy

作　　者：关苹苹[1] 刘爱民[1] 张保国 石忠宁[1] Guan Pingping;Liu Aimin;Zhang Baoguo;Shi Zhongning(Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education),Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Shandong Zibo 255049,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学多金属共生矿生态化冶金教育部重点实验室,沈阳110819 [2]山东理工大学化学化工学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《材料与冶金学报》2024年第2期103-117,共15页Journal of Materials and Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52074084);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目面上项目(JYTMS20230621);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N2425011)

摘　　要：熔盐电解温度高、能耗大,水溶液电解易导致金属材料氢脆且不能用于活泼金属电解,采用室温非水电解质体系可以解决上述问题对比分析了离子液体、深共晶溶剂、有机溶剂等几种室温非水电解质的特点,重点介绍四氢呋喃-苯、碳酸乙烯酯、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮等分别与AlCl_(3),ZnCl_(2),LiNO_(3)等构成的有机溶剂电解质体系在Al,Mg,Nd,La,Zn等金属电沉积方面的研究成果分析电解和电池用电解质的异同点,总结了苯类、醚类、醇类、脂类、四氢呋喃、咪唑啉酮、卤代烃等多种溶剂与有机金属盐、无机盐等溶质,金属氢化物、无机盐等添加剂组成的有机溶剂电解质的性质和特点,介绍其离子结构,概括其在电沉积过程中相关的化学和电化学反应,分析镀层性能与电沉积参数的关系和存在的问题,为从事非水电解质电化学冶金与材料制备研究提供思路。The molten salt electrolysis method is associated with high temperatures and high energy consumption,while the auqeous solution electrolysis method which is not suitable for active metal elctrodeposition leading to a hydrogen embrittlementThese issues can be resolved by utilizing a room-temperature,non-aqueous electrolyte systemThis paper compares and analyzes the characteristics of several room temperature non-aqueous electrolytes,including ionic liquids,deep eutectic solvents,and organic solventsThe main focus is on the research progress of electrochemical metallurgy of Al,Mg,Nd,La,Zn,and other metals,by organic solvent-based electrolyte systems consisting of tetrahydrofuran-benzene,vinyl carbonate,and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone with AlCl_(3),ZnCl_(2),and LiNO_(3)respectively are emphasizedThis paper analyzes the similarities and differences between electrolytes used in electrolysis and batteriesIt also summarizes the properties and characteristics of organic solvent electrolytes,which are composed of various solvents such as benzene,ether,alcohol,lipids,tetrahydrofuran,imidazolinone,and halogenated hydrocarbonsThese electrolytes also contain solutes such as organometallic salts and inorganic salts,along with additives like metal hydrides and inorganic saltsAdditionally,we introduce the ionic structures of these systems and summarize the chemical and electrochemical reactions associated with the electrodeposition processFurthermore,this paper examines the correlation between coating properties and electrodeposition parametersIt also addresses current challenges and suggests potential areas for future research in non-aqueous electrolyte electrochemical metallurgy and material preparation.

关 键 词：有机溶剂 非水电解质 金属氢化物 有机金属盐 活泼金属 室温电解 

分 类 号：TF804[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]