公共道德例外的泛化及其规制——以“美国关税案”为视角  

The Broadening of Public Morals Exception and Its Limitations:The Case of US——Tariff Measures as a Perspective

作　　者：翟仲 

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2024年第3期61-72,共12页International Business Research

摘　　要：DS543案使得公共道德例外条款的泛化问题再次成为焦点。本案中,专家组片面解读公共道德与经济目标的联系,对关税措施是否被设计为保护公共道德采取回避态度,并拒绝对关税措施是否应局限于违反公共道德的产品发表意见,模糊了公共道德与经济政策的概念,强化了公共道德例外的泛化倾向。公共道德例外泛化不仅导致WTO在类案中适用条约解释产生差异,还成为贸易保护主义和道德帝国主义主张行为豁免的依据。WTO应在价值平衡的基础上重新审视公共道德与经济关切的差异,并对公共道德目标、有关措施结构与设计的证明和审查标准作明确规定。中国应善用国际法规则抵制泛化公共道德的单边主义行径,同时吸取美国教训,利用合法手段维护中国道德权益。DS543 brings the broadening of public morals exception back into focus.The Panel blurrs the notion of public morals and economic policies by misinterpreting the relationships between public morals and economic concerns,refusing to decide on whether those tariff measures are designed to protect public morals and whether the subject of those measures should be limited to those closely-related products.This act not only leads to differences in the application of treaty interpretation by the WTO in similar cases,but also serves as a basis for exemptions from acts of trade protectionism and moral imperialism.The WTO should explain the differences between public morals and economic concerns by rebalancing the interest of free trade and public morals,setting forth clear criteria for proving and reviewing public morals objective as well as the structure and design of trade measures.China should resist the acts of unilateralism that contribute to the broadening of public morals exception,drawing on US’s failure so as to protect the public morals interests in a lawful manner.

关 键 词：WTO 公共道德例外 301报告 中美贸易纠纷 道德帝国主义 

分 类 号：DF961[政治法律—国际法学]