国家二级保护植物降香黄檀繁育技术研究进展  

Research progress on breeding techniques of national grade II protected plant,Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen

作　　者：林玲 张孟文 陈飞飞 黄川腾 董晓娜 陈琳 Lin Ling;Zhang Mengwen;Chen Feifei;Huang Chuanteng;Dong Xiaona;Chen Lin(Hainan Academy of Forestry/Hainan Mangrove Research Institute,Haikou 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省林业科学研究院/海南省红树林研究院,海南海口571100

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期1-9,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：海南省省属科研院所技术创新专项(SQKY2022-0026);海南省省属科研院所技术创新专项(SQKY2022-0029)。

摘　　要：降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)为豆科黄檀属常绿半落叶乔木,仅天然分布于海南岛,现为国家二级保护植物。它既是中国重要的战略资源,又是特有的名贵药材和香料树种。由于人类不合理的采伐以及大量的盗伐,降香黄檀的野生资源几近枯竭。同时,全球范围内降香黄檀的销售一直以来出现供不应求的现象,这也导致降香黄檀的市场价格持续攀升,已经达到“以斤计价”、“稀缺难寻”的地步。此外,降香黄檀心材在野外自然条件下的形成时间也比较漫长,一般7年左右才开始形成心材,而成熟需要30年以上的漫长时间。因此,开展降香黄檀繁育技术研究,不仅可以满足不断增长的市场需求,还可以减轻对其残留天然资源的盗伐压力。近年来,国内外学者对降香黄檀的繁育技术进行了大量研究,并取得了丰硕成果。基于此,文章从有性繁殖(种子萌发、幼苗生长)、无性繁殖(扦插、嫁接、组织培养)以及人工林定向培育(注射生长调节剂、接种微生物、种植管理措施)等方面,综述了降香黄檀繁育技术的研究进展;同时分析了降香黄檀产业发展中存在的主要问题,如优良种质资源不足、高效栽培技术和定向培育技术缺乏、新品种物质基础研究不足、活性成分挖掘不系统等,提出了加大新品种选育工作力度、创新栽培技术体系以及突破产业链结构升级等研究展望,以期为降香黄檀的优质种苗繁育技术研究提供参考。Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen,commonly known as fragrant rosewood,is an evergreen semi-deciduous tree belonging to the genus Dalbergia in family Fabaceae,and is naturally distributed only on Hainan Island.It is listed as a national grade Ⅱ protected plant in China.It is not only an important strategic resource but also a precious medicinal and aromatic spices.Due to irrational logging practices and extensive illegal logging,the wild resources of D.odorifera are nearly depleted.Additionally,there has been a persistent imbalance between supply and demand for D.odorifera globally,leading to continuously rising market prices,reaching a point where it is priced per pound and difficult to find.Furthermore,the heartwood formation of D.odorifera in the wild takes a long time,typically around 7 years to initiate heartwood formation,and maturity requires more than 30 years.Therefore,research on breeding techniques for D.odorifera can not only meet the growing market demand but also alleviate the pressure of its remaining natural resources from illegal logging.In recent years,scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive research on the breeding techniques of D.odorifera and have achieved fruitful results.Based on this,the current paper reviewed the research progress of breeding techniques for D.odorifera,including sexual reproduction(seed germination,seedling growth),asexual propagation(cuttings,grafting,tissue culture),and targeted cultivation in artifi⁃cial forests(growth regulator injection,microorganism inoculation,and planting management measures).Additionally,it analyzed the main problems existing in the development of D.odorifera industry,such as insufficient high-quality germplasm resources,lack of efficient cultivation and targeted breeding techniques,insufficient research on the material basis of new varieties,and non-systematic exploration of active ingredients.Finally,this paper proposes research prospects such as increasing the breeding of new varieties,innovating cultivation technol

关 键 词：珍贵树种 降香黄檀 无性繁殖 有性繁殖 人工林培育 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]