甘蓝型油菜耐铝毒胁迫种质资源的鉴定与筛选  

Identification and screening of aluminum toxicity stress germplasm resources in Brassica napus L.

作　　者：王珊珊 喻维嘉 雷智恒 赵慧霞 吴春红 万何平 Wang Shanshan;Yu Weijia;Lei Zhiheng;Zhao Huixia;Wu Chunhong;Wan Heping(Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin/School of Life Science,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学生命科学学院/湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期23-31,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖北省教育厅指导性项目(B2021057);江汉大学高层次人才项目(06470001)。

摘　　要：[目的]铝是酸性土壤中抑制植物生长和生产力的关键元素。油菜作为世界三大油料作物之一,在我国主要种植于长江以南区域,该区域铝毒害较为严重,油菜易受铝毒侵害,尤其是根系生长受到严重抑制。铝毒害逐渐成为限制我国油菜生产的重要因素之一,因而对不同基因型油菜种质的铝毒胁迫耐受性进行评价,筛选出耐铝毒油菜种质,不仅可以减少和防止铝毒对油菜的危害,更具有重要社会效益、经济效益和生态效益。[方法]本研究改进了以往油菜种子萌发期铝毒胁迫抗性鉴定的方法,通过精准控制铝离子浓度,并结合根系扫描与分析系统,对210份甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)种质实现高效、快速、精准的鉴定萌发期铝毒胁迫抗性。[结果]铝毒胁迫显著抑制甘蓝型油菜幼苗根系生长,且不同基因型材料间的抑制效果存在较大差异。对铝毒胁迫下的油菜材料的总根长、总表面积和总根体积进行聚类分析,共将210份油菜品种分为耐铝型、铝敏感型和中间型3个等级,其中8个耐铝型品种,118个铝敏感型品种,剩下84个为中间型品种。[结论]耐铝型品种包括漕油2号、浙油17号、湖北白花油菜、黔油4号、盐油2号、WH-38、SWU75、Cubs root。本研究的开展为油菜耐铝毒胁迫能力的遗传改良提供了理论基础和种质资源。[Objective]Aluminum is a key element that inhibits plant growth and productivity in acidic soil.As one of the three major oil crops in the world,Rapeseed is mainly planted in the southern region of the Yangtze River in China,where aluminum toxicity is relatively severe.Rapeseed is particularly vulnerable to aluminum toxicity,especially in terms of root system growth inhibition.Aluminum toxicity has become one of the important factors limiting rapeseed production in China.Therefore,evaluating aluminum toxicity tolerance of different genotypic rapeseed germplasms and selecting aluminum tolerant rapeseed germplasm can not only reduce and prevent the damage caused by aluminum toxicity to rapeseed but also has important social,economic,and ecological benefits.[Method]This study improved the method previously used for identifying the resistance to aluminum toxicity stress during the seed germination stage of rapeseed.By precisely controlling the concentration of aluminum ions and combining with a root scanning and analysis system,efficient,rapid,and accurate identification of the resistance to aluminum toxicity stress during the germination stage was achieved for 210 genotypes of Brassica napus.[Results]The results showed that aluminum toxicity stress significantly inhibited the root growth of Brassica napus seedlings,with considerable variations in inhibition effects among different genotypic materials.Cluster analysis of total root length(TRL),total surface area(TSA),and total root volume(TRV)of rapeseed materials under aluminum toxicity stress classified the 210 rapeseed varieties into three categories:aluminum-tolerant,aluminum-sensitive,and intermediate types,with 8 aluminum-tolerant varieties,118 aluminum-sensitive varieties,and the remaining 84 as intermediate types.[Conclusion]The aluminum-tolerant varieties include Caoyou 2,Zheyou 17,Hubei Baihua rapeseed,Qianyou 4,Yanyou 2,WH-38、SWU75,Cubs root,etc.The study provided a theoretical basis and germplasm resources for the genetic improvement of rapeseed’s tol

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 铝毒胁迫 萌发期 聚类分析 抗性资源 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]