安全生产责任保险行政性垄断的规制进路——从实施特点、竞争损害以及成因出发  

The Regulatory Path of Administrative Monopoly of Safety Production Liability Insurancein the Whole Process Perspective

作　　者：杨莉萍 高荣利 

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2024年第2期85-95,共11页Competition Policy Research

摘　　要：安全生产责任保险有助于生产经营单位防范安全生产风险,提高安全生产防御和风险应对能力。2021年新《安全生产法》规定,高危行业、领域生产经营单位必须投保安全生产责任保险。在此背景下,各地纷纷采取共保体的方式推行实施安全生产责任保险。然而,各地政府有关部门在推行实施这一制度的过程之中,却频繁出现行政垄断现象。这一现象的产生既有观念原因,也有制度和经济方面的成因。其不利于安全生产责任保险领域全国统一大市场的建设,也剥夺了中小保险企业参与竞争的机会,同时削弱了安全生产责任保险本身的制度功能。鉴于产生原因的复杂性,从源头防范、过程治理和事后处罚的全过程视域下,可对该问题实现较为有效的治理。因此建议对规范性文件的公平竞争审查制度进行源头防范,充分发挥保险行业协会自治作用,建立开放性的共保体实现过程治理,以及严格行政性垄断的事后处罚法律责任,从而促进安全生产责任保险市场良性竞争全过程,最终助力于提高企业的安全生产风险防范能力和生产安全事故的赔付能力。Safety liability insurance helps production and business units to prevent safety production risks and improve safety production defense and risk response capabilities.The new Production Safety Law in 2021 stipulates that production and business units in high-risk industries and fields must take out safety production liability insurance.Under this background,various places have adopted the way of coinsurance to implement safety production liability insurance.However,in the process of implementing this system,the relevant departments of local governments frequently appear the phenomenon of administrative monopoly.The cause of this phenomenon is not only ideological,but also institutional and economic.It is not conducive to the construction of a unified national market in the field of safety liability insurance,but also deprives small and medium-sized insurance enterprises of the opportunity to participate in competition,and weakens the institutional function of safety production liability insurance itself.The problem can be more effectively managed from the perspective of the whole process of prevention at the source,governance in the process and punishment after the fact.Therefore,it is recommended to strengthen the fair competition review system of normative documents for source prevention,give full play to the autonomous role of insurance industry associations to establish an open co-insurance body to realize the process of governance,as well as to strictly penalize the legal responsibility of administrative monopoly after the fact,so as to promote the whole process of benign competition in the market of work safety liability insurance,and ultimately help improve the enterprise's ability of preventing risks in production safety and the ability of compensation for production safety accidents.

关 键 词：安责险 行政性垄断 公平竞争审查 开放性共保体 行政法律责任 

分 类 号：D922.54[政治法律—民商法学] D922.284[政治法律—法学]