施加生物炭对土壤理化性质的影响及其农业应用  

Influence of applying biochar on soil physicochemical properties and its agricultural applications

作　　者：李明玉 丁梧秀[1] 王新武[1] 何朋立[1] 黄强[1] LI Mingyu;DING Wuxiu;WANG Xinwu;HE Pengli;HUANG Qiang(School of Civil Engineering,Luoyang Institute of Science and Techno-logy,Luoyang Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳理工学院土木工程学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第1期79-96,共18页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977214);河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(232102320098);高校博士启动基金项目(2021BZ23)。

摘　　要：生物炭是以农业生物质为原料,在限氧条件下经高温热解制成的一类高度芳香化难溶性固态物质。在土壤固碳、温室气体减排、土壤改良及微生物应用等方面均具有潜在功效。总结近年来国内外在生物炭及其改性土特性和生物炭在微生物、环境、农业等领域的应用价值与发展前景研究,考虑生物炭基本性质,重点分析生物炭改性土理化性质、水-力特性与其基本性质相关关系以及生物炭技术应用前景。结果如下,①生物炭理化性质差异主要受制备生物炭的生物质原料和热解温度影响;②生物炭施加到土体中可改变土体理化性质,如:土体颗粒相对密度、孔隙结构和pH等,影响土体的水-力特性;③生物炭在农业、生态和环境领域的应用易受其孔隙率、比表面积和吸附性能等因素影响。研究综述添加生物炭对土体基本特性影响,指出目前研究不足,为更深入地了解生物炭技术应用及在新技术领域发展提供参考依据。Biochar is a kind of highly aromatic and refractory solid substance produced by pyrolysis of agricultural biomass under oxygen-limited conditions.Biochar has potential benefits in soil carbon sequestration,greenhouse gas emission reduction,soil improvement,and microbial applications.The recent domestic and international researches on the characteristics of biochar and its modified soil,as well as the application value and development prospects of biochar in the fields of microbiology,environment,and agriculture were summarized.Considering the basic properties of biochar,the focus was on analyzing the physicochemical properties and water-mechanical characteristics of biochar-modified soil,as well as the correlation with its basic properties.Additionally,the technological application prospects of biochar were also discussed.The results indicated that,①the differences in the physicochemical properties of biochar were primarily influenced by the type of biomass material used for its production and the pyrolysis temperature.②The application of biochar to soil could alter its physicochemical properties,such as particle relative density,pore structure,and pH,thereby influencing the soil's water-mechanical characteristics.③The technical applications of biochar in agriculture,ecology,and environmental fields were easily influenced by factors such as its porosity,specific surface area,and adsorption properties.The impacts of adding biochar on the basic properties of soil was comprehensively reviewed and the current research gaps were pointing out.The aim was to provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the technical applications of biochar and its development in new technological fields.

关 键 词：生物炭 理化性质 水-力特性 生态环境 土壤修复 微生物 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]