玉米基肥期农田土壤氨挥发量与近地表氨浓度相关性研究  

Study on the Correlation between Ammonia Volatilization and near Surface Ammonia Concentration during the Maize Basal Fertilizer Period

作　　者：吕金岭[1,2,3] 尤克 何斌 刘霜 梁少民[7] 郭战玲[1,2,3] LÜJining;YOU Ke;HE Bin;LIU Shuang;LIANG Shaomin;GUO Zhaning(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,P.R.China;Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation Ministry of Agricultural,Yuanyang 453500,P.R.China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450002,P.R.China;Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Security Center,Zhengzhou 450052,P.R.China;Xiping County Soil and Fertilizer Technical Service Station,Xiping 463900,P.R.China;Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450052,P.R.China;Institute of Geographical Sciences,Henan Academy of Sciences,Zhengzhou 450052,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,河南原阳453500 [3]河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [4]河南省生态环境监测和安全中心,河南郑州450046 [5]西平县土壤肥料技术服务站,河南西平463900 [6]河南牧业经济学院,河南郑州450002 [7]河南省科学院地理研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第3期399-407,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河南省农业科学院杰出青年基金项目(2023JQ04);国家自然科学基金项目(41807098);河南省科技攻关项目(232102110016);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0212400)。

摘　　要：农田氨排放量与近地表氨浓度密切相关,但两者能否相互转换还缺乏系统研究。基于此,以近地表氨浓度经典方法(被动法)为主要使用方法,以传统海绵法为对照方法,在豫南砂姜黑土开展5种典型施肥处理玉米季基肥期氨排放量与近地表氨浓度的相关性研究。结果发现,不同施肥处理的氨挥发峰值均出现在施肥后的2-4 d,第5天开始显著降低,第8天之后基本与对照无明显差异;不同处理的氨累计排放量差别较大,排序为TR>OPT>SOPT>HK>CK,累计排放量分别为7.68、5.48、3.37、2.78和0.22 kg·hm^(-2);同时发现,不同施肥处理近地表氨浓度也有相同趋势,峰值同样出现在施肥后的2-4 d,第5天开始显著降低,平均氨质量浓度排序为TR>OPT>SOPT>HK>CK,均值分别为17.5、11.6、10.7、8.21和1.70μg·m^(-3)。线性相关性分析表明,施肥后前8 d不同施肥处理的氨挥发量与近地表氨浓度的线性相关性较强,而8 d之后两者的相关性较弱,说明近地表氨浓度和农田氨挥发量的相关性与农田氨挥发量的高低有关。除此之外,不同方法中被动法对低施氮量和缓释肥的估算优于排放因子法,而排放因子法对高施肥条件下氨挥发量的估算优于被动法。整体而言,被动方法估算氨挥发量的相对误差介于-15.9%-17.5%之间,排放因子法相对误差介于-54.3%-81.8%之间,被动方法明显具备更高的估算精度。以上结果说明,被动方法可以潜在替代传统氨监测方法估算大区域农田氨挥发量,但估算精度主要集中在高氨排放期。Ammonia emissions from farmlands are closely related to the surface ammonia concentration near the ground.However,there is still a lack of systematic research on whether these can be converted to each other.This study used the near-surface ammonia concentration(passive method)as the main application method and the traditional sponge method as the control method.A correlation study was conducted on the relationship between ammonia emissions and near-surface ammonia concentration during the base fertilizer period of the maize season under five typical fertilization treatments in lime concretion black soils in Southern Henan.The results showed that the peak value of ammonia volatilization under different fertilization treatments appeared 2-4 d after fertilization and significantly decreased from the 5th day.After the 8th day,there was no significant difference compared with the control.The cumulative emissions of ammonia from the different treatments varied greatly,in the order TR>OPT>SOPT>HK>CK.The cumulative emissions were 7.68 kg∙hm^(-2),5.48 kg∙hm^(-2),3.37 kg∙hm^(-2),2.78 kg∙hm^(-2),and 0.2 kg∙hm^(-2),respectively.At the same time,it was found that there was a similar trend in the near surface ammonia concentration under different fertilization treatments,with a peak occurring 2–4 days after fertilization and a significant decrease starting from the 5th day.The average ammonia concentration ranked as TR>OPT>SOPT>HK>CK,with an average of 17.5μg∙m^(-3),11.6μg∙m^(-3),10.7μg∙m^(-3),8.21μg∙m^(-3) and 1.70μg∙m^(-3),respectively.Linear correlation analysis showed that the linear correlation between ammonia volatilization and near-surface ammonia concentration was stronger in the first eight days after fertilization.However,the correlation between these two factors was weak after 8 days.This indicates that the correlation between the near-surface ammonia concentration and cropland ammonia volatilization is related to the level of cropland ammonia volatilization.In addition,the passive method

关 键 词：氨挥发 被动法 近地表氨浓度 相关性 排放因子法 玉米季 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] X16[农业科学—农业基础科学]