基于生态功能定位的太湖流域水生态安全评估  

Assessing Water Ecological Security in the Taihu Lake Basin through Ecological Function Localization

作　　者：凌虹 朱晓晓 巫丹 苏小妹 郭西亚 LING Hong;ZHU Xiaoxiao;WU Dan;SU Xiaomei;GUO Xiya(Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Nanjing 210000,P.R.China;Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210036,P.R.China;Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Science,Nanjing 210036,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省环境工程技术有限公司,江苏南京210000 [2]污染环境修复与生态健康工业和信息化部重点实验室,江苏南京210000 [3]江苏省环保集团有限公司,江苏南京210036 [4]江苏省环境科学研究院,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第3期418-427,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：江苏省太湖治理科研课题(TH2018402);江苏省环保集团科技项目计划(JSEP-GJ2023-1005-RE-ZL)。

摘　　要：太湖流域水生态安全在维持长江流域生态安全格局中发挥重要作用。为阐明不同生态功能影响下太湖流域分区水生态安全状况,将太湖流域水生态功能分区与不同区域主导生态功能定位结合,构建基于主导生态功能定位的“压力-状态-服务”(PSS)模型并开展分区评估。结果表明,太湖流域整体生态安全形势为“较安全”和“基本安全”。太湖湖体生境状态因素最差,水质净化区、水源涵养区、水环境维持区和重要生境维持区的生境压力及生境状态为主要制约因素。太湖湖体Ⅱ-08、Ⅱ-10和Ⅲ-20水生态功能分区处于“不安全”水平,入湖河流污染负荷汇入影响突出。水环境维持区和重要生境维持区均受人类活动扰动影响较大。根据湖体与入湖河道水体、底泥氮磷浓度相关性研究结果,Ⅱ-03、Ⅲ-11、Ⅲ-12水生态功能分区水质与Ⅲ-20区域氮磷浓度关系密切,与总氮、总磷相关性显著(P>0.05)的入湖河道占比分别为50%、66.7%,应兼顾氮磷输入影响。Ⅲ-13和浙江省分别有100%、71.4%的入湖河道的TP浓度与湖体TP浓度相关性显著(P>0.05),应重点把控总磷输入风险,湖体总磷外源污染输入风险更大。入湖河道底泥中氮磷浓度较高,沉积物再悬浮导致N、P等污染物向上覆水释放并随之汇入太湖,影响太湖水生态安全。应重点关注Ⅱ-03、Ⅲ-11水生态功能分区入湖河道底泥N、P治理,重点强化Ⅲ-12、Ⅲ-13入湖河道TN去除。针对太湖湖体及环湖水生态功能分区生态安全异质性胁迫因素,因地制宜开展保护修复,推动太湖流域水生态安全有效提升。The aquatic ecological security of Taihu Lake Basin is crucial for maintaining the overall ecological balance in the Yangtze River Basin.This study aimed to assess the aquatic ecological security of Taihu Lake Basin by considering various ecological functions.This study combined the aquatic ecological function zones of Taihu Basin with the dominant ecological function positions in different regions.The assessment used the“Stress-Status-Service”(PSS)model based on dominant ecological function positioning.The results indicated the ecological security of the Taihu Lake Basin to be mainly“relatively safe”and“basically safe,”with the habitat state of the Taihu Lake being the most compromised.Habitat pressure and state have been identified as the main restrictive factors for aquatic purification,water source conservation,aquatic environmental maintenance,and important habitat maintenance areas.Specifically,zones II-08,II-10,and III-20 of Taihu Lake were deemed“unsafe,”largely attributed to the pollution loads from the inflow rivers.Human activities have significantly affected the maintenance of aquatic environments and important habitat maintenance areas.Correlations between nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations in the lake and water bodies as well as in the sediment of the inflow rivers were observed.Water quality in zones II-03,III-11,and III-12 was significantly related to N and P concentrations in the III-20 zone.In addition,the proportion of river channels significantly correlated with total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)concentrations of 50%and 66.7%,respectively(P>0.05).Therefore,the influence of N and P inputs must be considered.The rivers located in III-13 and Zhejiang Province had 100%and 71.4%inflows,respectively,and their TP concentrations were significantly correlated with the TP concentration of Taihu Lake(P>0.05).The risk of exogenous pollution caused by TP was significant,thus emphasizing the need for control.The concentrations of N and P in the sediments of the inflow rivers

关 键 词：太湖 水生态功能分区 PSS模型 水生态安全 评估 对策建议 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826