菌糠水提液对马铃薯致病疫霉的抑制机理  

Inhibition Mechanism of Water Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrate against Phytophthora infestans in potatoes

作　　者：莫雯婧 陈洪森 桂芳泽 洪慈清 蔡鑫铠 关雄 潘晓鸿 MO Wenjing;CHEN Hongsen;GUI Fangze;HONG Ciqing;CAI Xinkai;GUAN Xiong;PAN Xiaohong(Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植物保护学院,闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室,生物农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第5期129-137,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1400700);福建农林大学茶树绿色栽培与生态茶园建设研究项目(K1520007A03);福建农林大学科技发展资金项目(KFB23012)。

摘　　要：菌糠是菌菇生产后残留的物质,含有丰富的无机盐和有机质等成分。利用热水浸提法制备香菇菌糠水提液(water extract from spent mushroom substrate,WESMS),通过紫外分光光度计和Zeta电位及粒径仪对其紫外吸收情况、表面电荷和水中分散粒径进行表征,采用平板渗透法及十字交叉测量直径法计算WESMS对致病疫霉的抑制率,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察病原菌细胞形态的损伤程度,并采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法分析WESMS对致病疫霉DNA的影响。结果表明,WESMS在紫外线A(UVA,315~400 nm)、B(UVB,280~315 nm)和C(UVC,100~280 nm)波段均有吸收,在水中的分散粒径为3649.27 nm。抑菌试验表明,WESMS对病原菌的生长具有抑制作用,随着提取液体积百分浓度的增加,抑制效果更明显,在高体积百分浓度(6.25%WESMS)作用下对病原菌的抑制率近100%。经WESMS处理后病原菌的菌丝更加扭曲、扁平,且褶皱明显增多,表明WESMS可对细胞造成明显破坏;WESMS处理组的DNA条带亮度暗于对照组,损伤程度与WESMS体积百分浓度呈正相关。研究结果为菌糠的资源化利用及其对马铃薯晚疫病的有效防治提供科学依据和技术支撑。Mushroom substrate is the residue of mushroom production,which is rich in inorganic salts and organic matter.The water extract from spent mushroom substrate(WESMS)of Lentinula edodes was prepared by hot water extraction,the ultraviolet(UV)absorption,surface charge and particle size distribution were characterized using an UV spectrophotometer,Zeta potential and particle size analyzer.The inhibition rate of WESMS against Phytophthora infestans was calculated by plate penetration and cross diameter measurement.Further,both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the damage caused by WESMS to the morphology of the pathogen cells.Subsequently,the impact of WESMS on the DNA of Phytophthora infestans was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.The results showed that WESMS could absorb UV rays at A(UVA,315~400 nm),B(UVB,280~315 nm)and C(UVC,100~280 nm)bands.Moreover,the particle size distribution in water was 3649.27 nm.The antibacterial experiment showed that WESMS had an inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogens.The inhibitory effect became more obvious with the increase of the volume percentage concentration of WESMS.The inhibition rate of WESMS against pathogens was nearly 100%at a high volume concentration of 6.25%.The mycelia of pathogenic cells treated with WESMS exhibited obvious distortion,flatness and wrinkles compared with the control group,which indicated that WESMS could cause severe damage to cells.In addition,the DNA band brightness of the treatment group was darker than that of the control group,and the degree of DNA damage was positively related to the volume percentage concentration of WESMS.Above results provided scientific basis and technical support for the utilization of spent mushroom substrate and its use in the effective control of potato late blight.

关 键 词：香菇菌糠 马铃薯晚疫病 致病疫霉 抗菌机理 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] X712[农业科学—植物保护]