基于农作物秸秆的絮凝剂制备及其效果研究  

Study on Preparation and Effect of Flocculant Based on Crop Straw

作　　者：蔡阳扬 陶秀萍 董红敏[1] 李同 尚斌[1] 宋建超 刘崇涛 刘壮壮 CAI Yangyang;TAO Xiuping;DONG Hongmin;LI Tong;SHANG Bin;SONG Jianchao;LIU Chongtao;LIU Zhuangzhuang(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Urban Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院都市农业研究所,成都610200

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第5期167-173,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-36);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-IUA-2022001)。

摘　　要：为研发基于农作物秸秆的新型天然高分子絮凝剂,通过硝酸-乙醇法提取玉米、水稻和小麦3种作物秸秆中的纤维素,并在均相水溶液中(反应温度为30、40、50和60℃)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride,DMC)接枝共聚生成秸秆纤维素接枝DMC絮凝剂(straw cellulose grafted methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride flocculant,SC-g-DMC)。结果显示,3种作物秸秆提取后纤维素含量最佳为(69.8%±1.7%),样品的接枝率最佳为(36.9%±3.1%)。红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)间接证实了单体成功接枝到秸秆纤维素表面。SC-g-DMC对奶牛场污水的絮凝效果表明,在不同反应温度下污染物去除效率随反应温度的升高呈先升高后下降趋势,反应温度为40℃时制备的SC-g-DMC的絮凝效果最佳,100 mg·L^(-1) SC-g-DMC对奶牛场污水的化学需氧量去除率为(13.9%±2.3%),浊度去除率为(30.6%±5.6%),总悬浮固体去除率为(33.8%±0.9%)。以上结果表明该絮凝剂具有良好的应用前景,可为新型天然高分子絮凝剂的应用提供基础数据。In order to develop a novel natural polymer flocculant based on crop straw,cellulose was extracted from 3 crop straws of corn,rice and wheat by nitric acid-ethanol method,and copolymerized with methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC)in homogeneous aqueous solution(reaction temperature of 30,40,50 and 60°C)to generate straw cellulose grafted methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride flocculant(SC-g-DMC).The results showed that the best cellulose content of the 3 crops after straw extraction was(69.8%±1.7%),and the best grafting rate of the samples was(36.9%±3.1%).Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)confirmed the successful grafting of monomers to the cellulose surface of straw.The flocculation effect of SC-g-DMC on dairy farm sewage showed that under different reaction temperatures,the pollutant removal efficiency first increased and then decreased with the rise of reaction temperature.The SC-g-DMC prepared at 40℃had the best flocculation effect.The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand,turbidity and total suspended solids of 100 mg·L^(-1) SC-g-DMC on dairy wastewater was(13.9%±2.3%),(30.6%±5.6%)and(33.8%±0.9%),respectively.Above results showed that the flocculant had a good application prospect and could provide basic data for the application of new natural polymer flocculants.

关 键 词：絮凝剂 秸秆纤维素 接枝 奶牛厂污水 

分 类 号：S39[农业科学—农艺学]