黄河流域西柳沟中游输沙势及风沙入黄量估算  

Study on sediment transport potential and contribution of wind-blown sand into Yellow River in Xiliugou Valley and middle reaches of Yellow River Basin

作　　者：赵宏胜 党晓宏 蒙仲举 李婉娇 冯霜 高永 ZHAO Hong-sheng;DANG Xiao-hong;MENG Zhong-ju;LI Wan-jiao;FENG Shuang;GAO Yong(College of Desert Management,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Wind Erosion Key Laboratory of Central and Local Government,Hohhot 010018,China;Iner Mongolia Hangjin Desert Ecological Position Research Station,Ordos 017400,China;Baotou Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Baotou 014030,China;Water Conservancy Science Research Institute of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]中央与地方共建风沙物理重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古杭锦荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017400 [4]包头市林业和草原局,内蒙古包头014060 [5]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第5期2606-2618,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：科技兴蒙行动重大专项(KJXM-EEDS-2020006-4-01);内蒙古水利厅科技项目(NSK202102);内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(B20231099Z)。

摘　　要：以十大孔兑之一的西柳沟风沙区为研究区,通过野外监测与室内分析相结合,对研究区风况和输沙势特征进行分析,同时开展风沙流活动观测,测定流域两岸不同下垫面输沙通量,再通过函数拟合法科学估测风沙入黄量.结果表明:(1)研究区属于中等风能环境区,年均起沙风风速为6.41m/s,年均起沙风频率为17.85%,最大风速为11.37m/s;(2)不同时间尺度合成输沙势方向趋于一致,均以偏东南方向(SE,SSE)为主,年方向变率指数属于中等变率,年合成输沙势方向(RDD)为SSE方向,直接导致大量沙物质输入河道;(3)不同下垫面垂向输沙通量存在显著差异,流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地风沙入黄量占比分别为77.09%、15.30%和7.61%.流域地表输沙率垂线变化表明不同下垫面总输沙率与风速均呈较好的指数函数关系,因此利用输沙率(q)、起沙风时长(h)与断面长度(d)之间关系,估算西柳沟流域年均风沙入黄总量约为8.09×10^(5)t/a.本文旨在探究西柳沟流域不同下垫面输沙率与风速两者之间耦合关系,为风沙入黄防治工作提供数据基础,从而降低风沙问题对黄河流域造成的安全隐患.In this study,the Xiliugou sandstorm area,one of the top ten tributaries,was selected as the study area.Through the combination of field monitoring and indoor analysis,the characteristics of wind conditions and sand transport potential in the study area were analyzed.At the same time,the observation of sandstorm flow activities was carried out to measure the sand transport fluxes on different underlying surfaces along the river basin.The results indicated that:(1)The study area is classified as a medium wind energy environment,with an average annual sand-driving wind speed of 6.41m/s,an average annual sand-driving wind frequency of 17.85%,and a maximum wind speed of 11.37m/s.(2)The direction of synthetic sediment transport potential tends to remained consistent at different time scales,primarily in the southeast direction(SE,SSE).The annual variability index for direction belonged to the medium range,and the annual synthetic sediment transport potential direction(RDD)was towards the SSE direction.This directly results in a significant amount of sediment being inputted into the river.(3)The vertical sediment transported fluxes of different underlying surfaces were significantly distinct,with wind-driven sand accounting for 77.09%in moving sand,15.30%in semi-fixed sand,and 7.61%in fixed sand,respectively.The variation of the vertical line of surface sediment transport rate indicated a strong exponential relationship between the total sediment transport rate of different underlying surfaces and wind speed.Therefore,the relationship between sediment transport rate(qv),duration of sand-driving wind(h),and length of section(dm)is utilized to estimate that the average annual total amount of yellow dust in Xiliugou Basin was approximately 8.09×10^(5)t/a.This paper aims to explore the coupling relationship between sand transport rate and wind speed on different underlying surfaces in Xiliugou Basin,in order to provide a data basis for preventing and controlling wind-blown sand into the Yellow River Basin and reducing saf

关 键 词：黄河流域 西柳沟流域 输沙势 输沙通量 风沙入黄 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]