正确理解日常家事代理制度  

Correctly Understanding the Daily Family Agency System

作　　者：叶名怡[1] YE Mingyi

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第3期72-84,共13页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民法典视野下的夫妻债务法研究”(项目编号:19BFX155)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：反对家事代理制度者认为,该制度的历史原型与历史功能已经丧失;损害妇女利益且过度保护债权人;侵害意思自治、歧视婚姻并伤害婚姻;在我国法定夫妻共同制下实益极其有限;以信用交易为前提,在当代社会适用范围极小;造成民法教义体系上的违和,故应予废除。这些质疑理由均不成立。日常家事代理制度在我国具有正当性,理由包括:利益与负担相一致的原则要求获益者承受债务;供养义务要求非交易方配偶对交易负责;日常家事代理绝大多数情况下并不违反另一方的意志;该制度对小额价值的财产处分有意义;信用交易在当代社会仍频繁且重要;该制度具有保护交易方配偶继而保护婚姻家庭的功能;该制度对交易安全也确有价值;基于日常生活需要单方负债为共债,在比较法上有支撑。为抑制该制度可能出现的负面效果,应将其构成要件严格限定为:适用主体仅限于夫妻身份;债务发生限于婚姻正常存续期间;债务为满足日常生活之需要;夫妻之间无特别约定或有特别约定但相对人为善意。Those who oppose the Agency of Daily Household Matters System believe that its historical prototype and function have been lost.Harm women and over-protect creditors;Infringe on autonomy of will,discriminate against marriage and harm marriage.In our country legal husband and wife under the system of benefit is extremely limited;On the premise of credit transaction,the scope of application in contemporary society is very small.It should be abolished because of the violation of the doctrine system of civil law.None of these reasons for questioning are valid.The Agency of Daily Household Matters System is legitimate in our country.The reasons include:the principle that benefit and burden coincide requires the beneficiary to bear the debt.The provision obligation requires the noncounterparty spouse to be responsible for the transaction.Most of the time,it does not violate the will of the other party.This system is meaningful for the disposal of property of small value.Credit transactions are still frequent and important in contemporary society.This system has the function of protecting the spouse of the trading party and then protecting the marriage and family.The system is also valuable for transaction security.Based on the needs of daily life,unilateral liabilities based on the needs of daily life are common debts,which is supported by comparative laws.In order to suppress the possible negative effects of the system,its constitutive elements should be strictly limited as follows:the applicable subject is limited to the identity of husband and wife.The occurrence of debts is limited to the normal duration of the marriage.Debt to meet the needs of daily life.There is no special agreement or there is a special agreement between husband and wife,but this special agreement is good faith to the counterpart.

关 键 词：日常家事代理 意思自治 保护婚姻 交易安全 日常生活需要 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]