论收养关系的解除及其法律后果  

On the Dissolution of Adoptive Relationship and Its Legal Consequences

作　　者：李姗萍 LI Shanping

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院上海司法研究所

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第3期100-114,共15页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：《民法典》关于收养关系解除的规则基本上沿袭《收养法》,面对现实复杂情形仍存在供给不足的问题。现行法关于被收养人成年后可与收养人合意解除收养关系的规定,具有正当性。但在被收养人成年之前,收养人原则上不得解除收养关系的规定存在局限性。在送养人根本违约导致收养关系事实上无法存续的场合,应当赋予收养人参照《民法典》第563条第1款解除收养关系的权利。此外,当事人亦可主张基于重大事由的收养关系终止。但收养关系当事人不享有任意解除权,也不得援引情事变更规则。收养关系解除的法律后果涉及身份及财产两个方面。就身份关系而言,成年的被收养人与生父母及其他亲属之间的身份关系须协商确定,双方协商的形式不限于书面,只要存在能够证明恢复身份关系的事实即可。就财产关系而言,成年养子女应承担生活费给付义务,有虐待遗弃行为的还应额外承担抚养费补偿义务,二者可叠加适用。生父母提出解除收养关系的,应承担抚养费适当补偿义务,养父母有重大过错者除外。在因送养人根本违约导致收养人解除收养关系时,后者可请求精神损害赔偿。The rules of the Civil Code on the dissolution of the adoption relationship basically follow the Adoption Law,and there is still a problem of insufficient supply in the face of the complex situation in reality.The provisions of the current law that the adoptee may terminate the adoptive relationship with the adopter by agreement when the adoptee has reached the majority age are legitimate.However,there are limitations to the rule that the adopter can't terminate the adoptive relationship in principle before the adoptee has reached the majority age.In cases where a fundamental breach by the party who places the child for adoption makes the adoption relationship virtually impossible to continue,the adopter shall be granted the right to dissolve the adoption relationship in accordance with Article 563,paragraph 1,of the Civil Code.In addition,the parties to the adoption relationship may also claim termination of the adoptive relationship for a compelling reason.However,They don't have the right of discretionary right to terminate,nor can refer to rebus sic stantibus.The legal consequences of the dissolution of the adoptive relationship involve both identity and property.For identity relationships,the identity relationship between the adult adoptee and the natural parents and other relatives shall be determined by negotiation,and the form of such negotiation shall not be limited to writing,provided that there are facts which can prove the restoration of the identity relationship.As far as the property relationship is concerned,the adult adoptee should bear the obligation to pay the living expenses,and if he maltreats or deserts his adoptive parents,he should also bear the additional obligation to compensate the maintenance fees.If the natural parents propose to terminate the adoptive relationship,they shall bear the obligation of appropriate compensation for the maintenance fee,except for the adoptive parents who have made major mistakes.When the adopter terminates the adoptive relationship due to a fundamental breac

关 键 词：收养关系 解除权 法律后果 身份关系 财产关系 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]