论无效婚姻的损害赔偿  

On Damage Compensation of Invalid Marriage

作　　者：邵永乐 SHAO Yongle

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第3期115-130,共16页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“债法请求权框架下行政法债务关系理论研究”(项目编号:22YJCZH229)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：无效婚姻损害赔偿责任在实证法上的确立始于《民法典》第1054条第2款,该损害赔偿责任在信赖原理的指导下构建,其责任成立要件与法律效果都应在信赖原理下统一考察。在信赖方信赖的合理性程度与责任方的可归责性程度之间进行比较权衡,可得出责任成立的构成要素:信赖婚姻登记的效力,非因重大过失而不知婚姻无效的一方为无过错方;有重婚情事、未达法定婚龄或者明知具有禁止结婚的亲属关系的一方为无效婚姻中的责任方。就损害赔偿的范围而言,期待利益和信赖利益的损害有同时获赔的可能,因婚姻无效遭受严重精神损害的,无过错方亦得主张精神损害赔偿。The establishment of the liability for damages of invalid marriage in empirical law began with the second paragraph of article 1054 of the Civil Code.The liability for damages is constructed under the guidance of the principle of trust,and its elements of liability and legal effect should be unified under the principle of trust.Comparing the reasonableness of trust of the relying party and the imputability of the responsible party,we can get the constituent elements of the liability:the party who trusts the validity of the marriage registration and does not know the invalidity of the marriage due to gross negligence is the party without fault;the party who has bigamy,does not reach the legal age or knows that he has a kinship relationship that is prohibited from marriage is the responsible party in an invalid marriage.As far as the scope of damages is concerned,it is possible that the damages of expected interests and trust expenses can be compensated at the same time.If the marriage is invalid and suffers serious mental damage,the innocent party should also claim compensation for mental damage.

关 键 词：无效婚姻 损害赔偿 信赖责任 过错 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]