所有权保留的雅努斯之面:从形式主义向功能主义  

Janus'Faces of Retention of Title:from Formalism to Functionalism

作　　者：张永 ZHANG Yong

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第3期131-146,共16页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：《民法典》转向功能主义担保观,所有权保留从所有权构成转向担保权构成。卖方是担保权人,买方是所有权人,其处分是有权处分。若第三方是正常经营买受人,不管其是否知情,都取得完整所有权。若第三方不是正常经营买受人且所有权保留已登记,则其取得附所有权保留负担的所有权。若买方又在保留物上设定担保物权,则依《民法典》第414、415条统一排序。若满足第416条,则所有权保留有价款优先效力。若所有权保留没登记,则不能对抗善意承租人、善意购买人、扣押债权人、破产债权人。卖方转让债权时,保留的所有权作为从权利应随之转移。卖方的取回权是一种担保物权实现方式,不是合同解除权。Civil Code turns to the view of functionalism guarantee,so retention of ownership has turned from ownership structure to the structure of the guaranteeing right.The seller is security holder.The buyer is owner,who has the right to dispose the subject matter.If the third party is the buyer of normal operation,he can obtain the whole ownership no matter whether he is in good faith or not.If the third party is not the buyer of normal operation,he can get the ownership with the burden of retention of ownership.If the buyer establishes real right for security on the subject matter,all the rights for security should be sorted uniformly according to§414-415 of Civil Code.If§416 is satisfied,retention of ownership has priority effect of PMSI.If retention of owner isn't registered,it can't confront tenant with good faith,buyer with good faith,garnishment creditor and creditor of bankruptcy.When seller transfers his right of credit,the retained title is also transferred as an accessory right.The seller's recall right is a way to realize the real right of security instead of the rescission right of contract.

关 键 词：所有权保留 功能主义 担保权构成 取回权 正常经营买受人 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]