洛阳市朱仓村出土北魏墓铭砖探析  

A Study of the Northern Wei Tomb Bricks with Inscriptions Unearthed from Zhucang Village,LuoyangCity

作　　者：卢青峰 Lu Qingfeng

机构地区：[1]洛阳汉魏隋唐都城遗址保护中心

出　　处：《四川文物》2024年第2期83-88,共6页Sichuan Cultural Relics

摘　　要：2012—2013年,洛阳朱仓村发掘出土6块北魏墓铭砖,多有纪年,主要记录了墓主的姓名、籍贯、年龄、身份、去世时间等信息。本次及以往洛阳出土的北魏墓铭砖墓主身份多为平民;铭砖大多为墓砖的简单利用,等级性不明显;铭文行文格式相近,书体为楷隶;年代主要集中在北魏的相对繁盛时期,即孝文帝太和元年(477年)至孝明帝孝昌二年(526年)。与以前收录的墓铭砖大多出土地点不确切、墓葬形制不清楚相比,这批经考古发掘出土的墓铭砖的发现具有重要意义。In 2012 and 2013,six tomb bricks with inscriptions from the Northern Wei Dynasty were excavated at an Eastern Han cemetery in the east of Zhucang Village,Mount Mangshan,Luoyang.The bricks,in the size of normal rectangular bricks,are mostly made of blueish-gray mud,with plain surfaces or one side decorated with rope patterns.The inscriptions are on the front or back sides,mostly with date,all engraved in regular script with a hint of official script style,which record the name,hometown,age,identity,time of death,and other information of the tomb owner.There are four main writing formats:only the name and related content;time of death,native place,identity and name;native place,name,and time of death;time of death plus identity.Through a comprehensive review of 10 tomb bricks previously discovered in Luoyang which have clear chronological inscriptions,sizes,and ingredients,we find that the tomb owners of these Northern Wei tomb bricks with inscriptions in Luoyang were mostly civilians;most of the inscription bricks were simply adapted from common tomb bricks,which did not have a clear correlation to social stratum;the inscriptions are similar in writing format and calligraphic style,which is the combination of regular script and official script,reflecting the formative period characteristics of folk tablet inscription calligraphy of Northern Wei;there is a concentration between the first year of Taihe period under Emperor Xiaowen's reign(477)and the second year of Xiaochang period under Emperor Xiaoming's reign(526),which was a relatively prosperous period of Northern Wei.Compared with previously collected tomb bricks with inscriptions,most of which lack archaeological context therefore the possibility of forgery cannot be ruled out,the newly discovered tomb bricks with inscriptions through archaeological excavation is of great significance.

关 键 词：洛阳 邙山 北魏 纪年墓铭砖 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.21[历史地理—历史学]