生态功能区与毗邻区城市空气污染物异质性:以东北三省为例  

Heterogeneity of Urban Air Pollutants in Ecological Function Zones and Adjacent Zones:a Case Study of the Three Provinces in Northeast China

作　　者：张旖琳 吴金秀 吴相利[1] 王丽敏 ZHANG Yiin;WU Jinxiu;WU Xiangi;WANG Limin(School of Geographical Sciences,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第1期166-177,共12页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171433);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(D2018003)。

摘　　要：评估国家重点生态功能区及毗邻区空气质量时空异质性,对差异性开展空气污染防治具有重要意义。该研究基于2015-2019年东北地区13个生态功能区城市和23个毗邻非生态功能区城市的AQI及6种空气污染物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO、O_(3))浓度数据,采用空间自相关、随机森林模型等方法分析空气污染物时空差异及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1)从时间尺度来看,与2015年相比,2019年除O_(3)在5年中波动上升且年均浓度值相对较高外,其他的污染物浓度值均呈下降趋势,生态功能区空气质量整体优于非生态功能区。其中SO_(2)浓度下降幅度(50%)大于NO_(2)和CO(20%),PM_(2.5)大于PM_(10)。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、CO季节变化特征最高值均出现在冬季,O_(3)最高值均分布在夏季。月均浓度变化中O_(3)呈单峰型,最高值出现在4-7月;其他污染物月均浓度变化均呈“U”型分布,最高值出现在11-3月(次年)。(2)各污染物年浓度冷点主要集聚在大小兴安岭森林生态功能区和三江平原湿地生态功能区,热点主要集聚在非生态功能区(南区)。季节浓度冷热点分布格局与年均分布相似。(3)在自然气象因素中,年平均气温对除CO、NO_(2)外的4种污染物和AQI影响强度最大,年平均风速和植被指数对SO_(2)影响较大;在社会经济因素中,产业结构、电力消耗、交通因素是影响城市空气污染物浓度的主导因素。Assessing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of air quality in national key ecological functional zones and adjacent zones is of significance for differential air pollution prevention and control.The study is based on AQI and concentra-tion data of six air pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),SO_(2),CO,O_(3))in 13 ecological functional zone cities and 23 adjacent non ecological functional zone cities in Northeast China from 2015 to 2019.Spatial autocorrelation and random forest models are used to analyze the spatiotemporal differences and driving factors of air pollutants.The results show that from the perspective of time scale,compared with 2015,in 2019,except that O_(3) fluctuated and increased in five years and the average annual con-centration was relatively high,the concentration of other pollutants showed a downward trend,and the air quality of ecological function areas was better than that of non-ecological function areas.The decrease of SO_(2) concentration(50%)is greater than that of SO_(2) and CO(20%),and PM_(2.5) is greater than PM_(10).The highest values of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),SO_(2) and CO seasonal varia-tion characteristics appear in winter,and the highest values of O_(3) are distributed in summer.Monthly average concentration changes in O_(3) showed a single peak,the highest value in April-July;the monthly average concentration of other pollutants showed a U distribution,with the highest value in November-March(the following year).The cold spots of annual concentra-tion of each pollutant are mainly concentrated in the forest ecological function area of Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains and the wetland ecological function area of Sanjiang Plain,and the hot spots are mainly concentrated in the non-ecological function area(south area).The distribution pattern of seasonal concentration cold and hot spots is similar to the annual average distribution.Among the natural meteorological factors,the annual average temperature had the greatest impact on AQI and four pollutants except CO and SO_(2),an

关 键 词：空气污染物 时空分布 影响因素 生态功能区 东北地区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]