航空变频交流真空灭弧室的设计研究  

Design of Vacuum Interrupters for Variable Frequency AC Aviation Applications

作　　者：夏尚文 武建文[1] 佟子昂 茶岩 吴生修 梅有柱 王小军 XIA Shang-wen;WU Jian-wen;TONG Zi-ang;CHA Yan;WU Sheng-xiu;MEI You-zhu;WANG Xiao-jun(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Guizhou Tianyi Electrical Co.Ltd.,Zunyi Guizhou 563002,China;Kunshan GuoLi Electronic Technology Co.Ltd.,Kunshan Jiangsu 215334,China;Shaanxi Sirui Advanced Materials Co.Ltd.,Xi’an Shanxi 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100191 [2]贵州天义电器有限责任公司,贵州遵义563002 [3]昆山国力电子科技股份有限公司,江苏昆山215334 [4]陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《真空电子技术》2024年第2期90-101,共12页Vacuum Electronics

摘　　要：随着航空电气负载的增长,传统恒压恒频电源已难以满足需求,变频电源正成为现代飞机电气系统的发展方向。变频条件下真空灭弧技术面临三方面的挑战:一是开断难度的增加,二是通流能力下降,三是小体积、轻量化的设计限制。通过两个关键技术:小体积下的开断能力提升技术,轻量化结构下的通流能力设计方法,提出适应航空变频条件的变频灭弧室设计方案。分析变频条件下影响电流开断能力的触头因素,设计灭弧室小体积触头结构。提出一体式外置主屏蔽罩结构方案,为增加触头直径提升开断能力提供保障。提出趋肤效应下的导体结构轻量化方法,采用外置屏蔽罩增加散热能力,研制出了航空变频交流真空灭弧室。基于设计的三相接触器样机搭建了符合航空变频条件的实验环境,对灭弧室的开断能力、绝缘性能与温升情况进行了实验研究。结果表明:设计的灭弧室能够在360~800 Hz频率范围内有效开断过载电流1.68 kA,样机成功开断50次三相过载电流1.1 kA。开断前后三相主回路接触压降稳定,最高仅为83.49 mV,所有接触压降均低于设计值100 mV。整机重量仅为975 g,满足设计要求的同时具备更高开断能力。研究为航空变频电源系统的发展提供了实验数据支持,对推进航空电器领域真空开断技术应用具有重要意义。With the growth of aviation electrical loads,traditional constant voltage and constant frequency power supplies are no longer able to meet the requirements of modern aircraft electrical systems,and variable frequency power supplies emerge as the new development direction.However,the variable frequency vacuum interrupter technology faces three challenges:the increasing breaking difficulty,the decreasing current-carrying capacity,and the design limitations of small volume and lightweight.Through two key technologies:improving the breaking capacity in a small space and optimizing the current-carrying capacity with a lightweight structure,a variable frequency vacuum interrupter design scheme suitable for aviation variable frequency condition is proposed.The contact factors affecting the current breaking ability under variable frequency conditions are analyzed,and a small volume contact structure for the vacuum interrupter is designed.An integrated external main shielding cover structure is proposed to increase the contact diameter and provide assurance for improving the breaking capacity.A lightweight method for conductor structure under skin effect is proposed,an external shielding cover is used to increase heat dissipation capacity,and an aviation variable frequency AC vacuum interrupter is developed.Based on a designed three-phase contactor prototype,an experimental environment suitable for aviation variable frequency conditions is established,and the breaking capacity,insulation performance,and temperature rise of the interrupter are experimentally studied.The results show that the designed vacuum interrupter can effectively break the overload current of 1.68 kA in the frequency range of 360 Hz~800 Hz,and the prototype successfully breaks the three-phase overload current of 1.1 kA 50 times.The contact voltage drop of the three-phase main circuit remains stable before and after interruption,with a maximum value of only 83.49 mV,which is much lower than the design value of 100 mV.The overall weight of the whole pro

关 键 词：航空变频电源 真空灭弧室 航空交流接触器 中频开断特性 

分 类 号：TM561.5[电气工程—电器]