异戊烷脱氢生成单烯烃的热力学分析及试验研究  

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ONDEHYDROGENATION OF ISOPENTANE TO MONO-OLEFINS

作　　者：陶劲文 刘昌呈 李筱玉 马爱增 王杰广 Tao Jinwen;Liu Changcheng;Li Xiaoyu;Ma Aizeng;Wang Jieguang(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2024年第5期80-86,共7页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22202236)。

摘　　要：计算了异戊烷脱氢生成各种单烯烃主反应的热力学平衡参数及理论异戊烷平衡转化率,对产物分布规律及温度、压力、氢烃摩尔比对平衡的影响进行了分析,并通过试验研究了工艺条件对Pt-Sn-M Al_(2)O_(3)(M为助剂)催化剂性能和异戊烷脱氢产物分布的影响。试验结果表明,异戊烷脱氢生成的烯烃产物以2-甲基-2-丁烯为最多,其次为2-甲基-1-丁烯,3-甲基-1-丁烯最少。高温、低压及低氢烃摩尔比有利于脱氢反应的进行,但温度过高会导致裂解等副反应增多,使烯烃的选择性下降;压力过低及氢烃摩尔比过小均会使催化剂的积炭速率增大。异戊烷脱氢反应的实际转化率均低于热力学计算所得的平衡转化率,通过选择合适的反应条件,可使异戊烷脱氢反应的实际转化率接近热力学平衡转化率,验证了热力学分析结果的可靠性。The thermodynamic equilibrium parameters of the main dehydrogenation reactions of isopentane to various mono-olefin and theoretical equilibrium conversion of isopentane were calculated.The product distribution and the effects of temperature,pressure and molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon on the equilibrium were analyzed.Simultaneously,the impacts of different process conditions on the reaction performance and product distribution on the Pt-Sn-M Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst were investigated by experiments.The results showed that the most abundant olefin produced by isopentane dehydrogenation was 2-methyl-2-butene,followed by 2-methyl-1-butene,and the least was 3-methyl-1-butene.High temperature,low pressure and low molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon were favorable for dehydrogenation reaction,but high temperature would lead to increase of side reactions such as cracking,and decrease of the selectivity of olefin.However,low pressure and low molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon could accelerate the coke deposition rate of the catalysts.The actual conversion of isopentane dehydrogenation test was lower than the thermodynamic equilibrium calculated by thermodynamics.By selecting suitable test conditions,the conversion of isopentane dehydrogenation could be close to the thermodynamic equilibrium,which verified the reliability of the thermodynamic analysis results.

关 键 词：异戊烷 烷烃脱氢 热力学 烯烃 氧化铝 

分 类 号：TQ221.21[化学工程—有机化工] O642.1[理学—物理化学]