低温氧化环境下煤炭自燃特性与铁路煤炭运输防自燃对策研究  

Coal Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics in Low-temperature Oxidation Environment and Anti Spontaneous Combustion Countermeasures for Railway Coal Transportation

作　　者：李永新 LI Yongxin(Hami Freight Center,China Railway Urumqi Group Co.,Ltd.,Hami 839000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司哈密货运中心,新疆哈密839000

出　　处：《铁道货运》2024年第5期24-30,共7页Railway Freight Transport

基　　金：中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司科研项目(2022-kj-6)。

摘　　要：煤炭是新疆铁路运输的重点物资,其发运量占总发运量的70%左右。由于煤炭的自燃属性,使其在站场堆存、铁路运输的低温氧化环境下存在火灾隐患,威胁着煤炭铁路运输安全和生产秩序。为探究低温氧化环境对煤炭自燃特性的影响,选取新疆哈密地区动力煤为样本,通过实验方法,从微观指标阐述煤炭在低温氧化过程中的自燃机理、自燃特性和发火规律;通过实地调研,从宏观角度分析煤炭自燃的影响因素。根据综合分析,提出完善规章制度、审查检测报告、规范堆存管理、加强温度监测、试行自动测温技术和开展阻燃攻关等煤炭防自燃管理措施,为确保铁路“疆煤外运”安全提供借鉴。Coal is a key material for railway transportation in Xinjiang,accounting for about 70%of the total shipment volume.However,due to the spontaneous combustion property of coal,there is still a fire hazard in the low-temperature oxidation environment of station storage and railway transportation,which poses a threat to the safety and production order of coal railway transportation.To explore the effect of a low-temperature oxidation environment on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal,this paper selected thermal coal from the Hami region in Xinjiang as a sample.The experimental methods were adopted to explain the self-ignition mechanism,characteristics,and ignition laws of coal during the low-temperature oxidation process from microscopic indicators.This paper analyzed the influencing factors of coal spontaneous combustion from a macro perspective through on-site research.Based on comprehensive analysis,measures to prevent coal spontaneous combustion were proposed,including improving rules and regulations,reviewing test reports,standardizing storage management,strengthening temperature monitoring,trialing technology for automatic temperature measurement,and carrying out flame retardant research.All these can provide a reference for ensuring the safety of railway“Xinjiang coal transportation”.

关 键 词：铁路运输 疆煤外运 低温氧化 煤炭自燃 防自燃 

分 类 号：U298.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]