美国可持续航空燃料发展对我国的启示  

Inspirations of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Development in the United States to China

作　　者：田利军[1] 刘鑫[1] Tian Lijun;Liu Xin(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《中外能源》2024年第5期1-10,共10页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“碳中和目标下中国民航‘三链’协同脱碳研究”(编号:22BJY020)。

摘　　要：应用可持续航空燃料(SAF)被航空业界认为是最具潜力的碳减排措施,到2050年航空业65%的碳减排将通过使用SAF来实现。美国希望凭借领先的工艺技术、充足且丰富的原材料以及补贴政策的有效激励,成为新兴SAF市场的全球领导者。未来具有较大发展前景的SAF技术路线包括酯类和脂肪酸类加氢工艺(HEFA)、费托合成工艺(FT合成)、醇喷合成工艺(ATJ)、动力合成液体燃料工艺(PtL)。美国目前主要采用的是HEFA路线,但由于面临原料短缺问题,未来将逐渐被ATJ、FT合成等路线取代。美国每年约有10×10^(8)t的生物质能够可持续地生长或收集,其中将藻类转化为可再生燃料受到了美国极大的重视。美国针对SAF政策的特点是以鼓励性、支持性为主,主要运用财政补贴、税收减免等政策手段。中国是继美国之后的第二大航空市场,对SAF有着巨大的市场需求。我国可以借鉴美国的经验,尽早建立SAF产业联盟,重视SAF原料的创新,加大SAF炼制工艺认证和认证标准的建设力度,构建积极的产业政策和财税政策,而最重要的是加强重点技术方向的研发投入和支持力度,从而降低生产成本。The use of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)is considered by the aviation industry as the most promising carbon reduction measure,with 65 percent of the aviation industry′s carbon reduction to be achieved through the use of SAF by 2050.The United States hopes to become a global leader in the emerging SAF market with leading-edge process technologies,sufficient and abundant raw materials,and effective incentives from subsidy policies.The future SAF technology routes with great development prospects include Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids(HEFA),Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FT synthesis),Alcohols-to-Jet(ATJ),and power-to-liquid(PtL).At present,HEFA route is mainly used in the United States,but it will be gradually replaced by ATJ,FT synthesis and other routes in the future due to the shortage of raw materials.About 1 billion tons of biomass can be sustainably grown or collected in the United States each year,and the conversion of algae into renewable fuels has received great attention in the United States.The US policies towards SAF are encouraging and supportive,mainly using fiscal subsidies,tax relief and other policy means.China is the second largest aviation market after the United States,and there is a huge market demand for SAF.China can learn from the experience of the United States,establish the SAF industry alliance as soon as possible,attach importance to the innovation of SAF raw materials,intensify the construction of SAF refining process certification and certification standards,build positive industrial policies and fiscal and tax policies,and most importantly,strengthen the research and development investment and support in key technical directions,so as to reduce production costs.

关 键 词：可持续航空燃料 碳减排 技术路线 生物质原料 认证标准 产业政策 

分 类 号：V31[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]