一种以熔盐为移热介质的氨合成塔及氨合成工艺  

An Ammonia Converter and Ammonia Synthesis Process Using Molten Salt as A Heat Transfer Medium

作　　者：周明灿 刘伟 Zhou mingcan;Liu wei(China Chengda Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]中国成达工程有限公司,四川成都610041 [2]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《化工设计》2024年第2期13-16,24,1,共6页Chemical Engineering Design

摘　　要：合成氨除用于生产化肥、化工产品,作为脱硝剂和制冷剂使用外,还可作为氢载体用于氢能储存,是未来清洁低碳燃料的重要形式。氨合成反应是一个可逆的放热反应,受反应平衡的限制,原料氢、氮气不能一次全部转化为氨产品,需要通过循环反应以提高产品收率。合成氨节能的关键在于在较低反应压力条件下提高反应单程转化率,现有氨合成塔可实现的单程转化率低、装置运行能耗高。以熔盐为移热介质的变温氨合成塔,可以实现不同床层高度的催化剂均总体处于最佳反应温度下操作。合成塔入口端高反应物浓度时高温,以提高反应速率;合成塔出口端高产物浓度时低温,以提高化学反应平衡转化率。以熔盐为移热介质的变温氨合成塔单程转化率高、节能降耗和经济效益显著,值得工程研究及推广。In addition to being used in the production of fertilizers and chemical products,as a denitration agent and refrigerant,ammonia can also serve as a hydrogen carrier for hydrogen energy storage,making it an important form of clean and low-carbon fuel in the future.The ammonia synthesis reaction is a reversible exothermic reaction,which is limited by the reaction equilibrium.The raw materials of hydrogen and nitrogen cannot be completely converted into ammonia product all at once,and a cyclic reaction is needed to improve the product yield.The key to energy-saving in ammonia synthesis lies in improving the single pass conversion rate of reaction under lower reaction pressure conditions.The existing ammonia converter has low single pass conversion rate and high energy consumption.A variable temperature ammonia converter using molten salt as a heat transfer medium can achieve overall optimal reaction temperature operation for catalysts with different bed heights.When the concentration of reactants at the inlet of the converter is high,high temperature is used to increase the reaction rate.The reaction rate is improved by high temperature at the inlet where the reactant concentration is high,and the equilibrium conversion rate is improved by low temperature at the outlet where the product concentration is high.A variable temperature ammonia converter using molten salt as a heat transfer medium has high single pass conversion rate,significant energy-saving,consumption reduction and economic benefits,and is worthy of engineering research and promotion.

关 键 词：合成氨 氨合成塔 熔盐移热变温反应器 

分 类 号：E962[军事—军事通信学]