生物法含油污泥资源化回收与处理技术的研究进展  

Research Progress of Recovery and Treatment Technology of Oily Sludge by Biological Process

作　　者：林海 康定宇 姚子旬 孙舵 罗一菁[1] 张志勇[1] Lin Hai;Kang Dingyu;Yao Zixun;Sun Duo;Luo Yijing;Zhang Zhiyong(State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,China University of Petroleum,Beijing,102249;Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute of CNPC Qinghai Oilfield,Gansu,736200)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油青海油田分公司钻采工艺研究院,甘肃736200

出　　处：《当代化工研究》2024年第8期20-24,共5页Modern Chemical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“嗜冷菌在低温环境下修复石油污染土壤的机理及其应用研究”(项目编号:41172333)。

摘　　要：本文以油田含油污泥为研究对象,阐述了建立高效含油污泥原油资源化回收及其降解无害化的生物处理方法。分别提出了不同原油含量(高含油量>15%与低含油量4%~5%)油泥的生物法解决方案。首先,阐述了铜绿假单胞菌及其代谢产物糖脂类生物表活剂与油泥中原油破乳的作用机制,实现了高含油量油泥的资源化原油回收。其次,论述了采用生物泥浆反应器,投加高效石油烃降解菌,实现了低含油量油泥的高效快速降解。最后,揭示了生物酶产生菌、生物表活剂产生菌与石油烃降解菌协同降解石油类有机物的作用机理。Taking oil sludge as the research object,this paper describes the establishment of efficient and harmless biological treatment methods for the oil recovery and degradation of oil sludge.Biological solutions of sludge with different crude oil content(high oil content>15%and low oil content 4%~5%)were proposed respectively.Firstly,the mechanism of action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its metabolites(glucolip-ids)biosurfactants on crude oil demulsification in oil sludge was described,and the recovery of resource crude oil from oil sludge with high oil con-tent was realized.Secondly,the high efficiency petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was added to the bioreactor to achieve the high efficiency and rapid degradation of low oil content sludge.Finally,the mechanism of synergistic degradation of petroleum organic matter by enzyme-producing bacteria,biosurfactant-producing bacteria and petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was revealed.

关 键 词：含油污泥 生物表活剂 原油回收 生物修复 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]