闽江下游感潮河段涨落潮过程对水体重金属和砷分布特征的影响  

Influence of Tidal Fluctuations on the Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in the Lower Minjiang River

作　　者：朱贵青 林晓皓 陈瑶[1] 吴福忠 ZHU Guiqing;LIN Xiaohao;CHEN Yao;WU Fuzhong(Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Ecogeographical Process of Ministry of Education,School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期1-11,共11页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32171641)。

摘　　要：重金属和砷在水体中积累到一定程度会对水生态系统造成严重危害,而涨落潮过程可能影响水体中重金属质量浓度的分布特征。为了研究这一过程,选择闽江下游感潮河段(117 km)作为研究对象,在巨潮日涨潮和落潮的过程中,采集了该河段11个采样点的表层水样,分析了水体中重金属(Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb)和As的质量浓度及其与环境因子间的相关性。结果表明,闽江下游感潮河段的重金属元素(除Cu外)和砷的质量浓度在不同采样点之间的分布存在显著差异,自上游到下游,Cr、Cd及As的质量浓度总体呈升高趋势,并且它们之间呈现明显的正相关性,说明3种元素的释放源可能相同,而Mn、Fe及Pb质量浓度整体呈下降趋势;落潮作用使Mn、Fe及Pb质量浓度增幅明显,且主要发生在下游入海口河段(S9~S11),但降低了Hg质量浓度。涨落潮过程,水体的pH、盐度和悬浮物浓度与Cr、Cd及As质量浓度显著正相关,与Fe质量浓度显著负相关;相较于涨潮,落潮加强了Cu、Hg与温度、pH、盐度及悬浮物浓度之间的相关关系。这些结果对深入认识涨落潮过程闽江下游感潮河段水体重金属和砷元素的分布、迁移转化过程及其影响因素具有重要意义,同时为水域生态系统保护及可持续发展提供了理论依据。Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic(As)in water bodies can significantly harm aquatic ecosystems.The tidal fluctuation process may affect the distribution characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in water bodies.In order to study this process,the downstream segment of the Minjiang River(117 km)was selected as the study area.Surface water samples were collected at 11 points along this river segment during the flood and ebb tide processes on a day of extreme tides.The concentrations of heavy metals(Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,Hg,Pb)and As were analyzed along with their correlations with environmental factors.The results showed significant differences in the distribution of heavy metal elements(except Cu)and As concentrations among different sampling points.From upstream to downstream,concentrations of Cr,Cd and As generally increased,displaying strong positive correlations,indicating a common source of release.In contrast,concentrations of Mn,Fe and Pb generally decreased.The ebb tide process notably increased the concentrations of Mn,Fe and Pb,particularly in the downstream estuary section(S9~S11)but decreased Hg concentration.During the tidal fluctuation process,water pH,salinity,and suspended solids concentration were significantly positively correlated with concentrations of Cr,Cd,and As but substantially negatively correlated with Fe concentration.Compared to the flood tide,the ebb tide strengthened the correlations between Cu,Hg and environmental parameters such as temperature,pH,salinity,and suspended solids concentration.These findings are crucial for understanding the distribution,migration,and transformation processes and influencing factors of heavy metals and As in the tidal river segment of the downstream Minjiang River,providing a theoretical basis for the protection and sustainable development of aquatic ecosystems.

关 键 词：感潮河段 涨潮 落潮 重金属质量浓度 分布特征 闽江下游 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]