2012—2021年河南省营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓情况分析  

Analyses of stunting among students in Nutrition Improvement Program areas,Henan,2012-2021

作　　者：李凤娟[1] 王丽茹 许凤鸣 刘晶晶 王旭[1] 王延鑫 张书芳[1] LI Feng-juan;WANG Li-ru;XU Feng-ming;LIU Jing-jing;WANG Xu;WANG Yan-xin;ZHANG Shu-fang(Institute of Public Health,Henan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第8期1431-1434,1485,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目(LHGJ20220175);河南省科技攻关项目(222102310472)。

摘　　要：目的 了解2012—2021年河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区中小学生生长迟缓变化情况,为改善营养不良促进学生健康成长提供依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样,分别从河南省29个监测县抽取10%的小学和初中,每个年级不低于40人,8年共抽取学生1 198 228人,对其身高进行测量,分析生长迟缓情况。结果 2012—2021年河南省监测地区学生生长迟缓检出率分别为1.33%, 1.23%, 1.08%, 0.74%, 0.87%, 0.71%, 0.80%, 0.43%,呈波动式下降趋势。总体检出率女生(1.09%)高于男生(0.85%)(χ^(2)=189.596,P<0.05),小学(0.99%)高于初中(0.79%)(χ^(2)=61.862,P<0.05)。男、女生,小学、初中阶段、各年龄组在不同年份间的生长迟缓检出率基本均呈波动式下降趋势(P均<0.05)。各年份生长迟缓检出率6~12岁呈先下降后上升趋势,13岁下降后又呈上升趋势,16岁升至最高。结论 2012—2021年河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓检出率呈波动式下降趋势,但仍有一定的比例,需采取针对性的干预政策。Objective To understand the changes of stunting among primary and secondary school students in the areas of Nutrition Improvement Programme for rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021,so as to provide a basis for improving malnutrition and promoting healthy growth of students.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 10%of primary and junior high schools from 28 monitoring counties in Henan Province,with no less than 40 students in each grade,a total of 1198228 students were sampled in 8 years,and their heights were measured to analyse the stunting situation.Results The rates of stunting among students in the monitoring areas of Henan Province were 1.33%,1.23%,1.08%,0.74%,0.87%,0.71%,0.80%and 0.43%from 2012 to 2021,showing a fluctuating downward trend.The overall rate was higher for girls(1.09%)than for boys(0.85%)(χ^(2)=189.596,P<0.05),and for primary schools(0.99%)than for lower secondary schools(0.79%)(χ^(2)=61.862,P<0.05).The rates of stunting in both boys and girls,in primary and junior high school,and in all age groups basically showed a fluctuating downward trend among different years(P<0.05).The rate of stunting in all years showed a decreasing and then increasing trend in the age group of 6~12 years old,then an increasing trend after a decrease in the age group of 13 years old,and then a maximum in the age group of 16 years old.Conclusion The rate of stunting among students in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021 shows a fluctuating downward trend,but there is still a certain percentage,which requires targeted intervention policies.

关 键 词：农村 中小学生 生长迟缓 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]