2018—2022年我国职业性放射性疾病诊断情况分析  

Analysis of diagnosed occupational radiation sicknesses in China from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：李小亮[1] 张品华[1] 崔诗悦 苏垠平[1] 范胜男 刘建香[1] 孙全富[1] Li Xiaoliang;Zhang Pinhua;Cui Shiyue;Su Yinping;Fan Shengnan;Liu Jianxiang;Sun Quanfu(Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency,China CDC,WHO Collaborating Centre for Radiation and Health,National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,世界卫生组织辐射与健康合作中心,北京100088

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2024年第4期286-291,共6页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的分析我国职业性放射性疾病近5年的诊断情况。方法根据全国放射卫生信息平台2022年度职业性放射性疾病监测数据和2018—2022年的诊断病例报告,对职业性放射性疾病诊断机构和诊断病例的分布进行描述性分析。结果截至2022年12月,我国共有职业性放射性疾病诊断机构95家。2018—2022年,各诊断机构共上报职业性放射性疾病76例(5年病例数分别为21、17、13、10和15),其中放射性肿瘤最高(43例,56.6%),其次是放射性白内障(17例,22.4%)和放射性皮肤病(9例,11.8%)。按照职业类别分,医学应用最高(57例,75.0%),其次为工业应用(9例,11.8%)和核燃料循环(6例,7.9%)。按照射类型分,以慢性照射为主(70例,92.1%),急性照射较低(6例,7.9%)。结论我国职业性放射性疾病诊断病例数呈下降趋势。Objective To analyse the diagnosed occupational radiation sicknesses in recent 5 years in China.Methods The distributions of cases and diagnostic institutions were analyzed descriptively,according to the occupational radiation sicknesses surveillance data(2022)and occupational radiation sickness reports(2018 to 2022)from Occupational Health of Radiation Workers Management System.Results By December 2022,there have been 95 diagnostic institutions of occupational radiation sickness across all provinces in China.All diagnostic institutions reported 76 cases from 2018 to 2022,and the number of cases in 5 years was 21,17,13,10 and 15,respectively.The most sickness type of the cases was radiogenic neoplasm(43 cases,56.6%),followed by radiation cataract(17 cases,22.4%)and radiation sickness of skin(9 cases,11.8%).Most of the cases are medical application workers(57 cases,75.0%),followed by industry application workers(9 cases,11.8%)and nuclear fuel cycle workers(6 cases,7.9%).In terms of the type of exposure,chronic exposure(70 cases,92.1%)was the most frequent,and acute exposure(6 cases,7.9%)was few.Conclusions The number of the cases caused by occupational radiation exposure shows a downward trent in China.

关 键 词：职业性放射性疾病 放射工作人员 监测 职业病诊断 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]