陕西省环境气象条件评估指数时空变化特征研究  

Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Evaluation on Meteorological Condition Index in Shaanxi

作　　者：苏静[1] 孙娴[2] 胡琳[2] 林杨 王琦[2] SU Jing;SUN Xian;HU Lin;LIN Yang;WANG Qi(Shaanxi Atmospheric Detection Technical Support Center,Xi'an 710014,China;Shaanxi Climate Center,Xi'an 710014,China;Shaanxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Xi'an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省大气探测技术保障中心,陕西西安710014 [2]陕西省气候中心,陕西西安710014 [3]陕西省气象科学研究所,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第2期146-154,共9页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201938);陕西省重点研发计划(2021SF-476)。

摘　　要：基于陕西省10地市2015—2020年PM_(2.5)浓度实况监测数据和气象条件评估指数EMI,统计分析EMI和PM_(2.5)相关性及近年EMI的时空分布特征,定量评估气象条件变化及综合治理措施对陕西环境空气质量的影响。结果表明:陕西省2015—2020年EMI可较好地表征和评估气象条件变化导致的PM_(2.5)浓度变化。2015—2020年EMI呈线性降低趋势,气象条件持续向好。月EMI均呈明显的单谷分布特征,EMI冬半年大,夏半年小。各区域EMI总体上呈关中高、陕南次之、陕北最低的分布特点,关中中部、东部EMI最大。EMI正距平百分比高值区主要分布在关中地区,各年关中均有60%以上面积正距平,其中2016年冬季关中83.0%面积正距平,37.5%面积正距平超过100%。2020年陕西省各区域环境空气质量较2015—2019年均有明显改善,全省PM_(2.5)浓度较前5 a平均降低24.8%,全省气象条件改善使PM2.5浓度较近5 a降低16.4%,排放变化使得PM_(2.5)浓度较前5 a平均下降9.4%,可见,近年陕西省大气污染综合治理措施成果显著,环境质量明显改善。This paper used the actual monitoring data of PM_(2.5) concentration and evaluation on meteorological condition index(EMI)in Shaanxi province from 2015 to 2020,analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of EMI in recent years,evaluated the impact of meteorological conditions change and control measures on Shaanxi ambient air quality.The results show that:From 2015 to 2020,EMI can characterize and evaluate the changes quite good in PM_(2.5) concentration caused by meteorological conditions.Since 2015,EMI showed a linear decreasing trend with the pickup of meteorological conditions.EMI was higher in winter than that in summer and it was high in Guanzhong region,followed by southern Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi,with the highest occurring in the central and western regions of Guanzhong region.According to the spatial distribution of meteorological conditions in winter,it was found that the regions with high positive EMI anomaly percentage concentration were in Guanzhong region.In the winter of 2016,the area of positively off level were 83.0%and positively offset by more than 100%were 37.5%in Guanzhong.Compared to the past five years,the PM_(2.5) concentration decreased by 24.8%,among them,the contribution rates of emission reduction and meteorological conditions respectively were 16.4%and 9.4%.It can be seen that the comprehensive control measures of air pollution in the province have achieved remarkable results in recent years,and the environmental quality has improved significantly.

关 键 词：陕西省 细颗粒物PM_(2.5) 环境空气质量评价 气象条件评估指数(EMI) 贡献率 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]