陕北黄土高原中部生态修复对局地气候的影响  

Effects of Ecological Restoration on Local Climate in the Middle of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：李明[1,2] 高维英 LI Ming;GAO Weiying(Shaanxi Meteorological Observatory,Xi'an 710015,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau,Xi'an 710016,China;Meteorological Science Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象台,陕西西安710015 [2]陕西省气象局秦岭与黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,陕西西安710016 [3]陕西省气象科学研究所,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第2期155-162,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171158);陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室面上项目(2021G-1)。

摘　　要：利用陕北黄土高原2000—2019年MODIS产品MOD13Q1数据,定边、安塞、志丹、子长、延安气象站1990—2019年月(年)平均气温及最高(最低)气温、降雨量、降雨日数等资料,通过差值(比值)、相关系数、线性回归等方法,对陕北黄土高原生态修复显著区(志丹、安塞、子长、延安)和非显著区(定边)在生态修复前(1990—1999年)、生态修复中(2000—2019年)的气象要素变化进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)生态修复中显著区、非显著区的归一化植被指数分别以0.123、0.081/10 a的速率增加,显著区为非显著区的1.5倍;显著区和非显著区年平均气温分别以0.164、0.467℃/10 a的速率上升,平均降雨量分别以39.95、25.56 mm/10 a的速率增加,显著区较非显著区升温明显缓慢,但平均降雨量的增加速率明显大于非显著区。(2)生态的显著性修复在2012年之后对年平均气温上升的抑制作用凸显,显著区和非显著区年平均气温差值在2013年发生突变,2013年为生态修复对年平均气温影响的关键时间点;生态修复显著区在植被生长季(4—9月)对年平均气温上升的抑制较为明显,7月最明显,显著区较非显著区年平均气温降低了1.05℃;对最高气温的抑制出现在7—8月,对最低气温的抑制出现在5—6月。(3)生态修复中(2013—2019年)显著区的降雨日数较修复前明显偏少近6 d,其减少主要是小雨日数的减少,中雨以上的降雨日数均随着生态修复的开展呈增加趋势;显著区植被生长季降雨量增加最明显,降雨量的增加主要表现为中雨以上降雨日数的增加;1—7月随着植被覆盖度不断增加,显著区与非显著区不同等级降雨日数差值逐渐增大,7月达到最大,8—12月随着植被覆盖度不断降低,降雨日数的差值逐渐减小。Based on the MOD13Q1 data of MODIS products in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi from 2000 to 2019,the monthly(annual)average temperature,maximum(minimum)temperature,rainfall and rainfall days of Dingbian,Ansai,Zhidan,Zichang,and Yan'an meteorological stations from 1990 to 2019,the changes of meteorological elements in the ecological restoration significant areas(SIER;Zhidan,Ansai,Zichang,Yan'an)and non-significant area(NSIER;Dingbian)of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi were compared and analyzed before ecological restoration(1990-1999;BER)and during ecological restoration(2000-2019;DER),by using the difference(ratio),correlation coefficient and linear regression.The results showed that:(1)The normalized differential vegetation index(NDVI)in SIER and NSIER at DER increased by 0.123 and 0.081/10 a,and the rate in SIER was 1.5 times that in NSIER.The annual average temperature in SIER and NSIER increased by 0.164 and 0.467℃/10 a,respectively,and the annual average rainfall increased by 39.95 and 25.56 mm/10 a,respectively.The temperature increased in SIER was significantly slower than that in NSIER,but the increase rate of average rainfall was significantly greater than that in NSIER.(2)Significant restoration of ecology had a prominent inhibitory effect on the annual average temperature rise after 2012.The abrupt change in the annual average temperature difference of SIER and NSIER occurred in 2013,which was a key time point for the impact of ecological restoration on the annual average temperature.In the vegetation growth season(April-September),the inhibition of the annual average temperature rise in SIER was more obvious,especially in July.The annual average temperature in SIER was 1.05℃lower than that in NSIER.The inhibition of the highest temperature appeared in July-August,and the inhibition of the lowest temperature appeared in May-June.(3)The number of rainfall days in SIER at DER(2013-2019)was significantly less than that BER by nearly 6 days.The decrease was mainly due to the decrease of lig

关 键 词：黄土高原中部 生态修复 NDVI 局地气候 影响 

分 类 号：P461.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]