基于认知可及度的古今汉语主语指称对比研究  

A Comparative Study of Subject Reference in Ancient and Modern Chinese Based on Cognitive Accessibility

作　　者：谢莉 陈伟英[2] XIE Li;CHEN Weiying(School of Applied Foreign Languages,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou 310023,China;International School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Yiwu 322000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院应用外语学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]浙江大学“一带一路”国际医学院,浙江义乌322000

出　　处：《浙江外国语学院学报》2024年第1期36-47,共12页Journal of Zhejiang International Studies University

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“汉语语篇中指称语使用的多维研究”(21NDQN267YB);浙江省社科联研究课题“交互文化语境中的指称研究”(2023B025);浙江外国语学院博达科研提升专项计划项目“交互文化语境中的指称研究”(2023QNYB9)。

摘　　要：据可及性理论,指称形式的使用受制于所指实体的认知可及度,具有跨语言普适性,但从历时维度看,其在同一语言系统中可能呈现不同的倾向。本文通过开展古代汉语翻译实验,在测量认知可及度动态变化的基础上,深入指称形式的选择过程,对比分析古代汉语与现代汉语书面叙事语篇中主语指称的特点及成因。研究发现,两类语篇都倾向于以名词短语(NP)指称低可及度实体,以零代词(■)指称高可及度实体,在一定程度上都遵循可及性原则。相较而言,现代汉语语篇中NP和代词(PRON)的使用比例增加,而■的使用比例相应减少,遵循可及性原则的概率较大,语境依赖性减弱,但句法制约性更强。不同于古代汉语指称系统的NP-■两分格局,现代汉语指称系统呈NP-PRON-■三分格局,PRON的指称功能如认知缓冲带,兼具经济性与可识别性。According to Accessibility Theory,the usage of referring expressions is influenced by the cognitive accessibility of the entities being referred to,demonstrating a certain degree of cross-language universality.However,when viewed from a diachronic perspective,different using tendencies emerge even within the same language typology.Through a translation experiment of written narrative discourse,this study explores the process of selecting referring expressions,based on measuring dynamic changes in cognitive accessibility.Its objective is to investigate the characteristics and underlying causes of subject reference in both ancient and modern Chinese through a comparative study.The findings suggest that both ancient and modern Chinese tend to use noun phrases(NP)to refer to the entities with low accessibility,and zero anaphora(■)to refer to those with high accessibility,thus conforming to Accessibility Principle to a certain extent.However,compared to ancient Chinese,modern Chinese exhibits stronger adherence to Accessibility Principle,with fewer instances of■but more frequent uses of NP and pronouns(PRON).Modern Chinese also demonstrates reduced reliance on contextual cues but increased constraints from syntactic structure.In contrast to the ancient referring system characterized by NP-■distribution,the modern referring system features NP-PRON-■distribution,highlighting the buffering function of PRON in cognitive processing.

关 键 词：认知可及度 主语指称 对比研究 指称形式 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语] H314