美国军事战略的人工智能化趋势及其影响  

Artificial Intelligence in U.S.Military Strategy:Trends and Impact

作　　者：刘胜湘[1] 李志豪 LIU Shengxiang;LI Zhihao

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所,上海200083 [2]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200083

出　　处：《国际展望》2024年第3期51-73,155,156,共25页Global Review

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目“推进国家安全体系和能力现代化研究”(23JZD030)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,在新一轮科技革命影响下,美国对其军事战略进行了人工智能化调整,试图沿袭技术制胜的军事思想传统,围绕在大国战略竞争中取胜这一目标,以新兴技术推进军事能力建设,打造一体化协同作战部队和军事情报系统,塑造针对特定目标进行精准打击的能力。为此,美国发布了一系列战略文件和具体方案推动人工智能的军事化应用。美国国防部建立了以人工智能为核心的组织架构和管理系统,重点发展人工智能人才队伍,加大新技术研发的军费投入,推动军民产业和技术融合,加强与盟友的技术合作。美国军事战略的人工智能化调整会刺激其他国家进行相应变革,进而加剧以人工智能竞争为焦点的大国战略竞争。人工智能技术难以溯源和易于扩散的特点将削弱核威慑的效用,其广泛军事化应用将催生新的战争形态。基于此,中国应密切关注新技术革命的发展趋势和美国军事战略变化的动向,做好应对准备。Since the Trump administration,the United States has been adapting its military strategy in response to the new round of scientific and technological revolution,seeking to uphold its tradition of technological superiority in military thinking.It aims to bolster military capabilities centered around the goal of prevailing in strategic competition among major powers,leveraging emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)to build integrated and coordinated combat forces,enhance military intelligence systems,and develop precision strike capabilities against specific targets.Consequently,the U.S.government has released a series of strategic directives and concrete initiatives to implement the militarized application of AI.The Department of Defense has established an organizational structure and management system centered on AI,spearheading institutional reforms within the military,prioritizing the cultivation of AI talent,boosting investment in research and development of new technologies,fostering integration between military and civilian industries,and fortifying technical cooperation with allies.The recalibration of U.S.military strategy is poised to catalyze similar adaptations among other nations and intensify strategic competition among major powers,with AI competition at its core.Given the elusive nature and widespread diffusion of AI technology,the efficacy of nuclear deterrence may be diminished,elevating the risk of inadvertent conflict and war.The pervasive militarization of AI applications may engender novel forms of warfare.China must closely monitor the trajectory of the new technological revolution and the evolving landscape of U.S.military strategy,while preparing robust responses.

关 键 词：人工智能 美国军事战略 科技革命 大国竞争 战略调整 

分 类 号：E712.0[军事—军事理论]