1949—2022年四川省职业性尘肺病患者调查和随访管理  

Investigation and follow-up management of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Sichuan Province from 1949 to 2022

作　　者：邓璐 马传梁 吴瑕 倪红珍[1] 严永华[1] 左云[1] 王海蓉[1] 谭利民[1] DENG Lu;MA Chuanliang;WU Xia;NI Hongzhen;YAN Yonghua;ZUO Yun;WANG Hairong;TAN Limin(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第4期369-373,384,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的掌握四川省职业性尘肺病患者底数和分布特征,分析四川省职业性尘肺病发病特点和变化趋势,了解尘肺病患者健康状况和保障情况。方法以四川省截至2019年底报告的所有职业性尘肺病患者为调查对象,开展回顾性调查;并于2020—2022年期间对存活病例进行随访管理。通过联系有关职能部门、职业病防治机构和尘肺病患者所在地查询相关资料,对尘肺病患者进行电话或上门随访,收集尘肺病患者相关情况。采用SPSS 21.0软件对尘肺病患者的性别、年龄、工龄和尘肺种类以及保障情况等进行描述性统计分析。结果共调查1949—2019年四川省诊断的66578例职业性尘肺病例,男女性别比为220.93∶1,壹期尘肺42384例(63.65%)、贰期尘肺17506例(26.29%),叁期尘肺5481例(8.23%)。随访到职业性尘肺病例存活44305例(66.55%),死亡18280例(27.46%),失访3993例(6.00%)。存活患者病种分布以矽肺、煤工尘肺为主,平均年龄为(63.00±10.88)岁,平均接尘工龄为(13.82±10.90)年,享受工伤保险保障23333例(52.66%),用人单位赔付6221例(14.4%),基本医疗保险42891例(96.81%),大病医疗保险26358例(59.49%),其他保障(医疗救助与扶贫救助等)4649例(10.49%)。44305例存活病例在2020—2022年期间死亡2587例,其中死亡原因前3位为由于含硅/矽粉尘引起的尘肺371人(14.2%),煤炭工尘肺167人(6.4%)和未特指的尘肺158人(6.1%)。截至2022年12月,存活的患者中有5251人自述患有尘肺合并症,其中3203人(7.7%)患有慢性阻塞肺疾病(COPD),有2012人(4.8%)患有肺及支气管感染、632人(1.5%)患肺结核,515人(1.2%)患肺心病,有1084人(2.6%)同时患有2种或2种以上的合并症。结论四川省尘肺病防治工作重点为矽肺和煤工尘肺,应加强对粉尘严重危害行业和地区的监管,制定切实可行的尘肺病防控策略,加强尘肺病患者的保障。Objective To master the base number and distribution characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Sichuan Province,to analyze the incidence characteristics and change trend of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Sichuan Province,and to understand the health status and safeguard status of pneumoconiosis patients.Methods All occupational pneumoconiosis patients reported in Sichuan Province by the end of 2019 were investigated as cases for a retrospective investigation.Follow-up management of surviving cases were conducted from 2020 to 2022.By contacting relevant functional departments,occupational disease prevention and control institutions,and inquiring relevant information at the location of pneumoconiosis patients,telephone or on-site follow-up was conducted among pneumoconiosis patients to collect their relevant information.A descriptive statistical analysis of gender,age,length of service,pneumoconiosis type and safeguard of pneumoconiosis patients was performed by SPSS 21.0 software.Results There were 66578occupational pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed in Sichuan Province from 1949 to 2019 were investigated.The male to female sex ratio was 220.93∶1.There were 42384(63.65%)cases of stage I pneumoconiosis,17506(26.29%)cases of stage II pneumoconiosis and 5481(8.23%)cases of stage III pneumoconiosis.After follow-up,44305(66.55%)cases of occupational pneumoconiosis survived,18280(27.46%)cases died and 3993(6.00%)cases were lost to follow-up.Silicosis and coal pneumoconiosis were the main diseases among the surviving patients,with an average age of 63.00±10.88 years and an average dust exposure length of 13.82±10.90 years.There were 23333(52.66%)cases covered by work-related injury insurance,6221(14.4%)cases of compensation paid by employers,42891(96.81%)cases of basic medical insurance,26358(59.49%)cases of serious illness and medical insurance,and 4649(10.49%)cases of other benefits(medical assistance and poverty alleviation assistance,etc.).A total of 2587 cases of 44305 surviving cases died

关 键 词：尘肺病 随访调查 保障措施 并发症 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]