2012—2022年重庆市万州区手足口病流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wanzhou District of Chongqing from 2012 to 2022

作　　者：袁丹 牛艳[2] 向伟[1] 冉华[1] YUAN Dan;NIU Yan;XIANG Wei;RAN Hua(Wanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 404100,China;Health Emergency Center of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changping 102206,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市万州区疾病预防控制中心,重庆404100 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心卫生应急中心,北京昌平102206

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第2期83-88,94,共7页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的分析2012—2022年重庆市万州区手足口病(HFMD)流行病学特征,为HFMD防控提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2012—2022年现住址为万州区的HFMD报告病例数据,采用描述流行病学方法、卡方检验和t检验分析相关数据,用ArcGIS 10.8和SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计分析,检验水准为α=0.05。结果2012—2022年万州区累计报告HFMD病例24379例,年均发病率为141.04/10万,其中重症病例84例、死亡病例6例。2020—2022年(新冠疫情期间)HFMD平均月发病率明显低于2012—2019年(新冠疫情前)(t=2.249,P=0.026)。新冠疫情前HFMD发病呈季节性双峰分布,并呈波动上升和隔年高发的特点。2020和2022年HFMD发病季节性双峰特征消失。HFMD病例集中于5岁以下儿童(88.13%)和散居儿童(62.43%),新冠疫情期间3岁及以上年龄组占比较新冠疫情前上升7.03%,托幼儿童和学生病例占比上升6.26%。年平均报告发病率前5位的地区均位于中心城区。2012—2022年实验室诊断病例744例,感染EV A71的病例数在2015年达到高峰(65.83%)后下降,2022年占比回升(28.57%)。结论新冠疫情期间HFMD发病率明显下降,需注意新冠病毒感染实施“乙类乙管”后HFMD发病率再次回升;在主抓学龄前儿童疫苗接种和健康宣传教育工作的同时,应加强托幼机构和小学的宣教;为防止感染EV A71病例增多,EV 71疫苗接种工作不容放松。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)during 2012 to 2022 in Wanzhou District of Chongqing,so as to provide a scientific basis for the control prevention.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method,Chi-square test and ttest were used to analyze the reported case data of HFMD with current address in Wanzhou District from 2012 to 2022 obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.ArcGIS 10.8 and SPSS 23.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data,and the test levelαwas 0.05.Results A total of 24379 HFMD cases were reported in Wanzhou District from2012 to 2022,average annual incidence rate was 141.04 cases per 105,including 84 severe cases and 6 deaths.The average monthly incidence of HFMD from 2020 to 2022(during the COVID-19pandemic)was significantly lower than that from 2012 to 2019(before the COVID-19 pandemic)(t=2.249,P=0.026).Before the COVID-19 epidemic,the incidence of HFMD showed a seasonal bimodal distribution,and with the characteristics of rising fluctuation and high incidence every other year.During the COVID-19 pandemic,the seasonal bimodal feature of HFMD disappeared in 2020 and 2022.HFMD cases were concentrated in children younger than five years old(88.13%)and scattered children(62.43%).During the COVID-19 epidemic,the proportion of HFMD cases in the age group of three years and older increased by 7.03%compared with that before the COVID-19 epidemic,and the proportion of cases in childcare facilities′children and students increased by 6.26%.The top five areas with average annual reported incidence were all located in the central urban area.There were 744 cumulative laboratory diagnosed cases during 2012 to 2022,the number of cases infected with EV A71 decreased after reaching a peak in 2015(65.83%),and the proportion recovered in 2022(28.57%).Conclusions The incidence of HFMD decreased significantly during COVID-19 epidemic,and it should be noted that the incidence of HFMD rise again after the implementati

关 键 词：手足口病 新冠疫情 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R725.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]