中药红花的化学成分及色素提取工艺研究进展  

Research progress in chemical constituents and pigment extraction process of Carthami Flos

作　　者：张喜妹 肖江鸿 王玉 唐于平 乐世俊 ZHANG Xi-mei;XIAO Jiang-hong;WANG Yu;TANG Yu-ping;YUE Shi-jun(Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xi'an 712046,China;International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang 050200,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学、陕西省中医药管理局中药配伍重点实验室,陕西西安712046 [2]河北中医药大学、河北省中药资源利用与质量评价国际联合研究中心,河北石家庄050200

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第7期1725-1740,共16页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81903786);陕西中医药大学校级科研课题(2023GP24)。

摘　　要：红花具有活血通经、散瘀止痛的功效,是临床常用的活血化瘀类中药之一。迄今,红花中已分离并报道的化合物有210多种,包括醌式查尔酮类(红花黄色素和红色素)、黄酮类、亚精胺类、生物碱类、聚炔类、有机酸类等。红花黄色素作为红花主要的水溶性活性成分,常用水提法进行提取分离,而红色素常用碱提酸沉法进行提取。近年,天然深共熔溶剂作为一种绿色溶剂在红花的色素提取分离中呈现出较好的应用前景。该文针对红花的化学成分进行系统地归纳,并对红花中色素类成分的提取工艺进行分析,以期为进一步合理利用红花资源提供参考。Carthami Flos(flowers of Carthamus tinctorius)with the effects of activating blood,dredging meridians,dissipating stasis,and relieving pain is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis in clinical practice.So far,more than 210 compounds in Carthami Flos have been isolated and reported,including quinochalcones(safflower yellow pigments and red pigments),flavonoids,spermidines,alkaloids,polyacetylenes,and organic acids.Safflower yellow pigments,as the main water-soluble active components of Carthami Flos,is commonly obtained by the water extraction method,while red pigments are commonly obtained by the alkali extraction and acid precipitation method.In recent years,natural deep eutectic solvents as green solvents have demonstrated promising application prospects in the extraction and separation of pigments from Carthami Flos.This review systematically summarizes the chemical constituents of Carthami Flos and analyzes the extraction process of pigment components from Carthami Flos,aiming to provide a reference for further utilization of Carthami Flos resources.

关 键 词：红花 红花黄色素 红花苷 化学成分 提取工艺 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]