蓬莪术挥发油中治疗痛经的活性成分研究  

Active constituents of essential oil from Curcuma phaeocaulis for treatment of dysmenorrhea

作　　者：米福新 倪红 彭成[1] 刘菲 戴鸥[1] 周勤梅[1,3,4] 刘娟 熊亮[1,2,3] MI Fu-xin;NI Hong;PENG Cheng;LIU Fei;DAI Ou;ZHOU Qin-mei;LIU Juan;XIONG Liang(State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;College of Medical Technology,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院、西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都611137 [2]成都中医药大学医学技术学院,四川成都611137 [3]成都中医药大学西南特色药材创新药物成分研究所,四川成都611137 [4]成都中医药大学中医药创新研究院,四川成都611137

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第7期1872-1881,共10页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(82022072);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(82104371);国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202209);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1332,2022NSFSC1557,2023NSFSC1773,2022NSFSC1577);济南市“新高校20条”引进创新团队项目(202228038)。

摘　　要：研究蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis根茎挥发油中治疗痛经的活性成分,采用分子蒸馏、硅胶和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法对蓬莪术挥发油进行分离纯化,运用质谱、核磁共振等波谱学手段鉴定化合物的结构。利用原发性痛经动物模型和大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩模型研究蓬莪术挥发油治疗痛经的活性组分及成分。从蓬莪术挥发油高沸点组分中分离得到6个倍半萜类化合物,分别鉴定为dehydrocommiterpene A(1)、comosoneⅡ(2)、5α(H)-eudesma-3(4),7(11)-dien-9β-ol-6-one(3)、guaia-6(7)-en-11-ol(4)、莪术烯醇(5)、异莪术烯醇(6),其中化合物1为新化合物。整体动物实验表明,蓬莪术挥发油可显著降低原发性痛经动物模型大鼠子宫平滑肌中前列腺素F_(2α)(PGF_(2α))含量。离体动物实验表明,蓬莪术挥发油高沸点组分舒张子宫活性优于低沸点组分,从高沸点组分中分离出的化合物1、2、5、6具有舒张子宫平滑肌活性,其中,化合物5和6可通过抑制离体子宫外钙内流和内钙释放,从而发挥舒张子宫平滑肌活性。综上,高沸点部位是莪术油治疗痛经的活性组分,倍半萜类是莪术油治疗痛经的有效成分群。This study aims to identify the active constituents of essential oil from the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.The compounds were separated and purified by molecular distillation,silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,preparative thin layer chromatography,and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography.Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The animal model of primary dysmenorrhea and the contraction model of isolated uterine smooth muscle of rats were established to examine the active constituents in the essential oil for treating dysmenorrhea.Six sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified as dehydrocommiterpene A(1),comosoneⅡ(2),5α(H)-eudesma-3(4),7(11)-dien-9β-ol-6-one(3),guaia-6(7)-en-11-ol(4),curcumenol(5),and isocurcumenol(6),among which compound 1 was a novel compound.The animal experiments showed that the essential oil from C.phaeocaulis significantly lowered the level of PGF_(2α)in uterine tissue compared with the model group.The experiment with the contraction model of isolated uterine smooth muscle demonstrated that the components with high boiling points outperformed those with low boiling points in relaxing the uterine smooth muscle,and compounds 1,2,5,and 6 isolated from the fraction with a high boiling point had the effect of relaxing the uterine smooth muscle.Among them,compounds 5 and 6 inhibited the extracellular Ca^(2+) influx and intracellular Ca^(2+) release to relax the uterine smooth muscle.In conclusion,the components with high boiling points and sesquiterpenes are the active components in the essential oil of C.phaeocaulis for treating dysmenorrhea.

关 键 词：蓬莪术挥发油 分子蒸馏 倍半萜 分离鉴定 痛经 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]