三门峡水库水沙调度过程的数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation study for the operation procedure and flow and sediment transport in the Sanmenxia Reservoir

作　　者：王增辉 夏军强[2] 周美蓉[2] 齐张辛 WANG ZengHui;XIA JunQiang;ZHOU MeiRong;QI ZhangXin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第4期722-733,共12页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:U2243238,52279076)资助项目。

摘　　要：针对大部分水库调度模型中水沙输移计算大幅简化且与库水位计算过程间只有单向耦合的问题,本研究构建了基于激波捕捉式有限体积法与河网算法的库区水沙调度模型.该模型采用河段连接单元内水沙质量与动量守恒方程的准二维求解算法,河网算法可以反映干支流交汇角的影响,并且使用OpenMP技术实现了并行求解.该模型的水库调度模块将调度方案表示为5个触发条件和4个调度指令参数构成的调度规则表,由水沙动力学模型向调度模块提供入库监测断面的水沙条件与实时更新的水位库容关系,水库调度模块为水沙动力学模型提供库区下游边界条件,从而实现两者双向耦合.采用2020年三门峡库区实测水沙数据进行了模型验证,库区三个河段的水位、流量和含沙量计算结果与实测值相符,在坝前水位最快下降速度达到2.3 m/h的敞泄排沙时段,数值计算过程稳定且成功预测了出库沙峰.针对近年黄河来沙量减少而潼关高程下降趋势并不稳定的问题,应用模型开展了三门峡水库水沙调度过程的数值模拟研究,通过对不同的汛期和非汛期调度方案的模拟分析,初步确定了坝前控制水位对于年内库区冲淤量和潼关高程影响显著的时期,研究结果可以为三门峡水库调度方案进一步优化提供思路.To reduce the error caused by overly simplified water and sediment calculation and their one-way coupling to the pool level calculation in most reservoir models,a water and sediment regulation model for reservoirs is established based on the finite volume method with shock-capturing capability and the river network algorithm.A quasi 2D algorithm solving the mass and momentum conservation equations for water and sediment phases is adopted in junction cells,which can take account of the influence of junction angle,and can be implemented with OpenMP to conduct parallel computation.In the reservoir operation module of the proposed model,an operation scheme is represented by a rule list,in which each rule is composed of a sufficient condition with five parameters and an operation command with four parameters.A flow and sediment transport model provides hydrological data at the monitoring location and stage-volume relationship that is updated in real time for the reservoir operation module,and the operation module provides downstream boundary conditions for the flow and sediment transport model,by which way the two-way coupling is achieved.The model is verified with field measured data in the Sanmenxia Reservoir in 2020,with the water level,discharge and sediment concentration in three reaches of the reservoir area being well predicted.During the sediment discharging period when the fastest dropping rate of pool level reaches 2.3 m/h,the numerical scheme keeps stable and succeed to predict the sediment concentration peak out of the reservoir.The model is then applied to investigate the trend of the Tongguan elevation.By simulating different operation schemes in flood and non-flood seasons,the period when the pool level has the most significant impact on the reservoir sedimentation process and the Tongguan elevation is preliminary identified,which can help to further improve the operation scheme for the Sanmenxia Reservoir.

关 键 词：水库调度 数值模拟 三门峡水库 潼关高程 冲淤量 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]