玉米籽粒胚乳细胞相关性状的杂种优势研究  

Endosperm Cell Related-traits in Maize Grains:Heterosis Research

作　　者：陈哲 孙晓妍 何文存 王安琪 孙爱清[1] 赵林茂 张春庆[1] 吴承来[1] CHEN Zhe;SUN Xiaoyan;HE Wencun;WANG Anqi;SUN Aiqing;ZHAO Linmao;ZHANG Chunqing;WU Chenglai(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018;Hunan Biological And Electromechanical Polytechnic,Changsha 410127;Weifang University of Science and Technology,Shouguang,Shandong 262700;Taishan District Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Taian City,Taian,Shandong 271000)

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]湖南生物机电职业技术学院,长沙410127 [3]潍坊科技学院,山东寿光262700 [4]泰安市泰山区农业农村局,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第12期9-14,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“玉米产业创新团队”(SDAIT-02-02);山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目“两高三抗、绿色高效玉米重大品种培育”(2022LZGC00602)。

摘　　要：为了解析玉米粒重性状杂种优势的产生原因,对籽粒胚乳细胞数目、细胞大小开展了研究。以玉米品种‘郑单958’、‘先玉335’及其亲本为试验材料,分析了杂交种与亲本在单籽粒重量、单籽粒胚乳细胞数目及胚乳细胞面积的杂种优势关系。结果表明,‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’胚乳细胞数目的中亲优势分别为40.81%和36.03%,超亲优势分别为33.09%和23.82%;百粒重的中亲优势分别为27.22%和28.89%,超亲优势分别为19.72%和18.34%;而胚乳细胞面积的中亲优势分别为-44.42%和-24.79%,超亲优势分别为-45.75%和-37.30%。单籽粒胚乳细胞数目与粒重呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.796。综上所述,玉米杂交种籽粒的胚乳细胞数目多于亲本是粒重杂种优势产生的重要原因,选育籽粒胚乳细胞数目多的自交系进行杂交组配利于提高杂交种的粒重。To investigate the causes of the phenomenon of grain weight heterosis in maize,the number and size of endosperm cells in maize grains were studied.Maize varieties‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’and their parents served as experimental materials for analyzing the heterosis relationship between hybrid and parents of grain weight,endosperm cell number and area.The results showed that the mid-parent heterosis of the endosperm number of‘Xianyu 335’and‘Zhengdan 958’was 40.81%and 36.03%,and the over-parent heterosis was 33.09%and 23.82%,respectively.The mid-parent heterosis of 100-grain weight of‘Xianyu 335’and‘Zhengdan 958’was 27.22%and 28.89%,and the over-parent heterosis was 19.72%and 18.34%,respectively.However,the mid-parent heterosis of endosperm cell area of‘Xianyu 335’and‘Zhengdan 958’was-44.42%and-24.79%,and the over-parent heterosis was-45.75%and-37.30%,respectively.The endosperm cell number was positively correlated with the grain weight,and the correlation coefficient was 0.796.In summary,the number of endosperm cells of the maize hybrid is more than that of their parents,which is the main reason for heterosis of grain weight.Selecting the inbred lines with large number of endosperm cells can effectively increase the grain weight of the hybrid in the hybrid combinations.

关 键 词：玉米 杂交种 胚乳细胞数目 胚乳细胞面积 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]