水稻耐盐生理及分子机制研究进展  

Physiological Response and Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Rice:A Review

作　　者：赵晴 欧英卓 胡诗钦 周宇阳 郭龙彪[3] 郝芷圻 孟丽君 刘长华[1] ZHAO Qing;OU Yingzhuo;HU Shiqin;ZHOU Yuyang;GUO Longbiao;HAO Zhiqi;MENG Lijun;LIU Changhua(College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan/Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518124;China Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]佛山鲲鹏现代农业研究院,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,中国农业科学院(深圳)农业基因组研究所,深圳518124 [3]中国水稻研究所,杭州311401

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第12期94-103,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助“中国-埃及水稻耐低氮、耐盐和耐旱基因挖掘与育种利用”(2022YFE0139400);国家自然科学基金“新水稻耐盐QTL/基因的利用和分子作用机制研究”(32261143470)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变化和土地盐碱化问题的加剧,提高水稻(Oryza sativa L.)在盐碱地环境下的生长能力成为了农业生产的一个关键挑战。“以种适地”策略的实现需要深入理解水稻的耐盐机制,并在此基础上进行育种改良。本研究总结了近年来关于水稻耐盐调控基因的研究成果,并依据其参与的生物学过程进行了功能性分类。详细分析了水稻对盐胁迫的感知、以及随后激活的多种生理调节机制,包括渗透调节、离子稳态、抗氧化防御系统和养分平衡等。重点讨论了水稻中几个关键的盐胁迫信号途径,包括SOS(Salt Overly Sensitive)途径、MAPK(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)级联途径以及激素调节途径,这些途径在水稻适应盐胁迫环境中起着至关重要的作用。通过综述现有文献资料,本文旨在提供一个全面的水稻耐盐性调控基因及其功能的概览,为水稻耐盐育种工作提供科学依据,同时为提高水稻在盐碱地环境下的产量和质量提供参考。With the intensification of global climate change and land salinization,improving the ability of rice(Oryza sativa L.)to grow in saline and alkaline environments has become a key challenge for agricultural production.The realization of the strategy of"the adaptation of germplasm to land"requires a deep understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism of rice,then breeding improvement on this basis.In this study,we summarized the recent research results on salt tolerance regulatory genes in rice,and classified them functionally according to the biological processes involved.The perception of salt stress in rice and the subsequent activation of various physiological regulatory mechanisms,including osmotic regulation,ion homeostasis,antioxidant defense system and nutrient balance,were analyzed in detail.In this review,we focus on several key Salt stress signaling pathways in rice,including the SOS(Salt Overly Sensitive)pathway,MAPK(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)cascade pathway and hormone regulatory pathway.These pathways play crucial roles in rice adaptation salt stress environment.By reviewing the existing literature,this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the salt tolerance regulatory genes and their functions in rice,provide scientific basis on breeding salt-tolerant rice on these grounds,and as a reference in improving the yield and quality of rice under saline and alkaline environments.

关 键 词：水稻 盐胁迫 耐盐基因 离子平衡 信号通路 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]