外来生物入侵中的达尔文归化谜团  

Darwin’s naturalization conundrum:an unsolved paradox in invasion ecology

作　　者：黎绍鹏 范舒雅 孟亚妮 张文刚 姚奇 LI ShaoPeng;FAN ShuYa;MENG YaNi;ZHANG WenGang;YAO Qi(Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,上海200241

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第4期723-738,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:32222051,31971553)资助。

摘　　要：针对外来生物入侵问题,达尔文在《物种起源》中提出了相反的两个假说,分别主张和本地物种亲缘关系近和远的外来物种更容易归化和入侵.这两个假说综合在一起现在被称为达尔文归化谜团.在沉寂了百余年后,随着系统发育和功能性状分析在生态学中的广泛运用,该谜团在近30年内迅速成为生物入侵领域研究的热点和前沿问题.但由于不同的研究往往得出矛盾的结论,错综复杂的研究结果使得该谜团的和解仍面临很大困难.本文梳理了达尔文归化谜团的内涵和外延,回顾了该谜团研究的发展历程和脉络,总结了近年来从空间尺度、入侵阶段、差异度量方式和控制性实验等角度尝试和解这一谜团的探索及其进展.本文认为,充分考虑环境梯度和人类活动的影响,综合分析入侵进程中的本地群落特征和动态,选择恰当的统计方法和零模型,并将该谜团的研究思路和理念引入到疾病生态学等诸多相关领域,是未来达尔文归化谜团研究的重点方向.对这一长达160余年谜团的探索,不仅有助于发展和完善入侵生态学理论,也将为外来生物入侵的防控提供重要科学指导.In On The Origin of Species,Darwin proposed two seemingly contradictory hypotheses that predict how the phylogenetic relatedness of alien species to native species can either facilitate or impede their naturalization and invasion.These two apparently opposing hypotheses,now known as“Darwin’s naturalization conundrum”,has garnered increasing attention over the past three decades with the advancement of phylogenetic and trait-based analyses.However,recent studies have often produced mixed results,posing a major challenge in reconciling this conundrum.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive overview of the essence and significance of Darwin’s naturalization conundrum,along with a review of the research history and recent advancements in the field.Specifically,we emphasize recent progress made in relation to spatial scale,invasion stage,ecological difference measures,and controlled experiments.Additionally,we propose key directions for future research,including the consideration of environmental gradients and human activities,analysis of native community structures and dynamics during invasion,utilization of appropriate statistical methods and null models,and extending the conundrum’s concepts to novel fields such as disease ecology.Addressing this 160-year-old conundrum will not only contribute to the development and refinement of invasion ecology theory but also provide valuable scientific guidance for the prevention and management of biological invasions.

关 键 词：生物多样性 群落动态 功能性状 入侵种 零模型 谱系距离 空间尺度 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]