中国人工智能发展的空间极化与国际追赶——基于技术-产业双重视角  

The Spatial Polarization and International Catch-up of China's Artificial Intelligence Development——From the Perspectives of Technology and Industry

作　　者：朱兰 ZHU Lan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所 [2]中国社会科学院经济大数据与政策评估实验室 [3]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

出　　处：《农村金融研究》2024年第3期67-80,共14页Rural Finance Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展阶段伟大实践与发展经济学理论创新研究”(编号:21&ZD071);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“规模优势与大国经济发展研究”(编号:2023J2DZ017);中国社会科学院经济大数据与政策评估实验室资助项目(编号:2024SYZH004)的研究成果。

摘　　要：人工智能是引领未来技术和产业变革、构筑国家竞争优势的重要领域。在技术-产业框架内讨论人工智能内涵,选取人工智能专利指标、人工智能企业数目、全球人工智能发展指数衡量人工智能技术和产业发展,分析新发展格局下中国人工智能国际国内发展现状与特征。国内跨区域比较发现,人工智能技术和产业分布高度不均衡,具有“东强西弱、南多北少、高度集中、梯度分布”特征,且技术集中度高于企业集中度,存在空间极化现象。跨国比较发现,中国人工智能技术和产业发展整体处于领先地位,专利数量和海外布局不弱于美国,但是专利质量、顶尖企业和人才落后于美国,存在“木桶效应”,尤其是AI人才。在新发展格局下推动人工智能发展,有必要统筹国内与国际,既要平衡区域人工智能发展水平,多措并举缩小区域“数字鸿沟”,也要立足和巩固比较优势,补足人才短板,融入人工智能全球创新网络。Artificial intelligence(AI) is an important field that leads future technological and industrial transformations and builds national competitive advantages.Understanding the connotation of AI and selecting appropriate AI measurement indicators are the foundation and prerequisite for accurately grasping the current status and trends of AI development,formulating scientific and reasonable policies.Using different AI indicators,such as the number of AI patents and enterprises,global AI index,this paper analynazes the development Characteristics of AI.Domestic crossregional comparisons reveal highly uneven distribution of AI technology and industry,which has high concentration and gradient distribution.Cross-national comparisons reveal that China's overall AI development is in a leading position.The number of patents and overseas presence are not weaker than that of the United States.However,patent quality,top enterprises,and talent lag behind the United States,demonstrating a “bucket effect.” To promote AI development,it is necessary to narrow the regional “digital divide”and balance regional AI development.At the same time,multiple measures should be taken to attract global AI talent come to china to do research or work.

关 键 词：人工智能 指标测度 特征分析 空间极化 国际追赶 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]