2018—2020年河北省农村学校饮用水卫生现状及风险评估分析  

Analysis on current situation and risk assessment of drinking water hygiene in rural schools in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2020

作　　者：丁婷婷 王苏玮 王美琳 安玉琴[1] 袁树华[1] 刘毅刚[1] DING Tingting;WANG Suwei;WANG Meilin;AN Yuqin;YUAN Shuhua;LIU Yigang(Institute of Environmental Health Monitoring and Evaluation,Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang Hebei,050020,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生监测与评价所,河北石家庄050020

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第4期509-512,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解2018—2020年河北省农村学校饮用水卫生状况,并对饮用水中氟化物及硝酸盐氮的健康风险进行评估。方法2018—2020年分别抽取360、365、355所学校采集末梢水,对水质常规指标及氨氮进行分析评价。采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评估模型,对河北省农村学校饮用水中氟化物及硝酸盐氮的慢性非致癌风险进行评价。结果河北省农村监测学校以公办中小学占比较高,住宿学生占比超过50%;2018—2020年河北省农村学校饮用水水质达标率由高到低为2020年(82.03%)>2019年(74.11%)>2018年(69.83%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.041,P<0.01)。总大肠菌群、菌落总数和氟化物是影响河北省农村学校饮用水水质总体达标率的主要指标;2020年氟化物指标达标率为96.25%;河北省农村学生经饮用水途径暴露氟化物及硝酸盐氮12年的非致癌风险[M(P10,P90)]分别为0.40(0.12,1.17)、0.08(0.01,0.51),其中男生、女生分别为0.40(0.12,1.19)、0.39(0.12,1.16)、0.08(0.01,0.52)、0.08(0.01,0.50)。结论2018—2020年河北省农村学校水质达标率逐年升高,但应加强微生物学指标、氟化物的监测,学校供水方式、消毒及消毒设备的使用状况有待改善。河北省农村学校部分高氟地区学生有一定健康风险,应继续开展改水降氟工作,保障学生饮水安全。Objective To understand the drinking water sanitation status of rural schools in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2020,and assess the health risks of fluoride and nitrate nitrogen in drinking water.Methods From 2018 to 2020,360,365,and 355 schools were selected to collect peripheral water,to analyze and evaluate the conventional water quality indicators and ammonia nitrogen.The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the chronic non carcinogenic risks of fluoride and nitrate nitrogen in drinking water in rural schools in Hebei Province.Results Public primary and secondary schools accounted for a relatively high proportion of rural monitoring schools in Hebei Province,and accommodation students accounted for more than 50%.From 2018 to 2020,the standard rate of drinking water quality in rural schools in Hebei Province from high to low was 2020 year(82.03%)>2019 year(74.11%)>2018 year(69.83%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=29.041,P<0.01).The total coliform,bacterial count and fluoride were the main indicators that affected the overall compliance rate of drinking water quality in rural schools in Hebei Province.In 2020,the compliance rate of fluoride indicators was 96.25%,and the non carcinogenic risks of rural students in Hebei Province exposed to fluoride and nitrate nitrogen[M(P_(10),P_(90))]through drinking water for 12 years were 0.40(0.12,1.17)and 0.08(0.01,0.51),respectively,with male and female students at 0.40(0.12,1.19),0.39(0.12,1.16),0.08(0.01,0.52),and 0.08(0.01,0.50).Conclusions The water quality compliance rate of rural schools in Hebei Province has been increasing year by year from 2018 to 2020.However,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of microbiological indicators and fluoride,and improve the use of water supply methods,disinfection,and disinfection equipment in schools.Some students in high fluoride areas of rural schools in Hebei Province have certain health risks and should continue to carry out water im

关 键 词：农村 学校 饮用水 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]