机器学习支持下的老年人步行环境满意度与适老环境改善策略研究  

Machine learning analysis of seniors’satisfaction and improvement strategy of the walking environment

作　　者：杨林川 唐祥龙 杨皓森 石亚灵 YANG Linchuan;TANG Xianglong;YANG Haosen;SHI Yaling

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学建筑学院 [2]成都理工大学地理与规划学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第2期35-40,共6页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278080);北京大学-林肯中心年度研究基金(FS12-20211215-YLC)。

摘　　要：当前,我国正面临着严峻的人口老龄化挑战。鉴于步行的多重价值,营造适老社区步行环境已成为当务之急。本研究基于成都市1012名老年人对步行环境的满意度问卷调查数据,采用随机森林模型确定了各个步行环境指标的重要性,并进行了重要性—绩效分析,明确了步行环境指标的改善优先级。研究结果显示,社区街景、生活服务设施可达性、步行道宽度和座椅可及性是影响老年人步行满意度最为显著的四个指标,而老年人对于十字路口间距和步行道连通性这两个指标的关注较为有限。座椅可及性、社区街景、商业中心可达性和休闲设施可达性需要优先改善。基于这些发现,提出了有针对性的社区适老步行环境改善策略,旨在为未来的政策设计和养老服务提供参考和借鉴。Population aging is a prominent phenomenon in many countries.It occurs as a result of declining fertility rates,increased life expectancy,and advancements in healthcare and living standards.The shift in age distribution presents significant challenges and opportunities for societies worldwide,impacting various aspects of social,economic,and healthcare systems.“Actively addressing population aging”has recently been pursued as China’s national strategy.Consequently,cities,especially those in China,must be motivated to adapt to an aging society,strive to satisfy the multifaceted needs of seniors,adopt a positive attitude and mindset,and undertake constructive actions while implementing pertinent policies to support the creation of age-friendly environments that enable seniors to live independently and actively participate in society.Walking,as a form of physical activity,offers many health benefits,including improved blood circulation,prevention of cardiovascular disease,cognitive decline mitigation,lowered risk of depression and dementia,boosted immunity,and enhanced cardiorespiratory function.Despite these benefits,walking has gradually been marginalized due to rapid urbanization and increased car usage,leading to a rise in obesity and cardiovascular diseases among urban dwellers and a decline in overall health.Therefore,it is imperative to reframe the significance of walking in urban life,advocating for increased walking and decreased reliance on cars.Furthermore,walking offers additional benefits for seniors.On one hand,it improves seniors’physical function,including balance and stability,which are crucial for maintaining independence and preventing falls,a common concern among seniors.This contributes significantly to“healthy aging”,promoting longevity and overall well-being.On the other hand,walking encourages social interaction and community engagement,fostering connections with others and combating feelings of isolation and loneliness,a prevalent issue among seniors.These social interactions not

关 键 词：人口老龄化 随机森林 重要性—绩效分析 步行满意度 老年友好步行环境 老年友好城市 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]