机构地区：[1]广州市第十二人民医院职业环境与健康重点实验室,广东广州510620 [2]广东省工伤康复中心,广东广州510440 [3]暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院,广东广州510632 [4]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510315 [5]辽宁省卫生健康监督中心,辽宁沈阳110623 [6]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042 [7]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050
出 处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第2期159-164,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
基 金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000160004);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(2021—2023年);广州市校(院)企联合资助专题(广州市职业环境与健康重点实验室)(2023A03J0502);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A010036)。
摘 要：目的探究下背痛(low back pain,LBP)发生的主要危险因素,为今后LBP防治及干预提供理论依据。方法2021年12月—2022年12月,以整群抽样法选择在全国11家医院就诊的LBP患者为病例组(n=394),选择在同一医院其他疾病患者或其他健康人群作为对照组(n=413)。通过电子问卷收集研究对象一般个人情况、职业因素、生活及社会心理因素等数据。运用R语言统计软件分析数据,利用多因素logistic回归分析探究LBP的影响因素,并采用相乘及相加交互作用模型对职业及生活因素进行交互作用分析。结果病例组人员平均年龄为(47.65±11.24)岁;对照组平均年龄为(46.54±11.31)岁。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:相对于体重过轻、不从事重复性工作、通勤时不使用手机、对薪酬不满意者,体重超重和肥胖、从事重复性工作、通勤时使用手机和对薪酬满意者发生LBP的风险升高至1.759~3.713倍(P<0.05);相对于文化程度为小学或以下者、行政管理人员,文化程度较高者及专业技术人员、办事人员、军人和操作设备相关人员发生LBP的风险降低至0.144~0.571倍(P<0.05)。交互作用分析结果显示,重复性工作和通勤时使用手机之间存在相乘交互作用(OR=3.743,95%CI:2.181~6.424)。结论LBP的发生与多个个体因素、职业因素和生活因素相关,且工作和生活因素对LBP的发生可能存在叠加效应。用人单位应采取合理的预防措施降低LBP的发生风险,保障劳动者职业健康。Objective To explore the main risk factors for the occurrence of low back pain(LBP)and provide a theoretical basis for future prevention and intervention of LBP.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling,LBP patients treated in 11 hospitals nationwide were selected as the case group(n=394),and patients with other diseases or healthy individuals from the same hospitals were selected as the control group(n=413)from December 2021 to December 2022.Data on general personal information,occupational factors,lifestyle,and socio-psychological factors were collected through electronic questionnaires.R-language statistical software was used to analyze the data.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of LBP,and multiplicative and additive interaction models were used to analyze the interaction effects of occupational and lifestyle factors.Results The average age of the case group was(47.65±11.24)years;the control group's average age was(46.54±11.31)years.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that compared to those who were underweight,did not engage in repetitive work,did not use mobile phones during commuting,and were dissatisfied with their salary,those who were overweight or obese,engaged in repetitive work,used mobile phones during commuting,and were satisfied with their salary had an increased risk of LBP ranging from 1.759 to 3.713 times(P<0.05).Compared to those with an educational level of primary school or below and administrative personnel,those with higher educational levels and professional technicians,office workers,military personnel,and equipment operators had a lower risk of LBP ranging from 0.144 to 0.571 times(P<0.05).Interaction analysis showed a multiplicative interaction between repetitive work and mobile phone use during commuting(OR=3.743,95%CI:2.181-6.424).Conclusions The occurrence of LBP was related to multiple individual,occupational,and lifestyle factors,and there may be a cumulative effect of work and lifestyle factors on the occur
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