高效叠氮化方法研究进展  

Research Progress in Efficient Azide Methods

作　　者：龙磊 韦伟[2] 罗运军[1,2] 李霄羽 LONG Lei;WEI Wei;LUO Yunjun;LI Xiaoyu(School of Materials,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology,Xiangyang 441003,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]湖北航天化学技术研究所,襄阳441003

出　　处：《高等学校化学学报》2024年第5期10-27,共18页Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51973019,22175024)资助

摘　　要：有机叠氮化合物是一类多功能化合物,是合成一系列治疗药物、生物活性化合物、功能材料及高能化合物有用的前驱体,被广泛应用于点击化学和Staudinger反应中.在过去的几十年里,研究人员开发了大量的合成策略来制备结构多样的有机叠氮化物,但不是所有的反应都能高效地进行.随着绿色化学的概念深入人心,安全性低、普适性低和效率低的传统叠氮化方法逐渐被淘汰,发展新的高效叠氮化方法迫在眉睫.本文综合评述了近年来制备脂肪族叠氮化合物及叠氮聚合物的高效合成方法,从碳碳多重键和碳氢键的叠氮化策略方面简述了脂肪族叠氮化物的合成,对叠氮聚合物的合成方法、潜在的新型合成策略进行了概述,并对未来叠氮化学的发展前景进行了展望.Organic azide compounds are a class of multifunctional compounds that are useful precursors for synthe-sizing a range of therapeutic drugs,bioactive compounds,functional materials,and high-energy compounds.They are widely used in click chemistry and Staudinger reactions.In the past few decades,a large number of synthesis strategies have been developed to prepare structurally diverse organic azides,but not all reactions can be carried out efficiently.As the concept of green chemistry deepens in people’s hearts,traditional azide methods with low safety,universality,and efficiency are gradually being phased out,and the development of new and efficient azide methods is urgent.This review focuses on the efficient synthesis methods for preparing aliphatic azide compounds and azide polymers in recent years.A brief overview of the synthesis of aliphatic azide compounds is provided from the azide strategies of C—C multiple bonds and C—H bonds.The synthesis methods and potential novel synthesis strategies of azide polymers are also discussed,and the future development of azide chemistry is summarized and discussed.

关 键 词：有机叠氮化合物 有机合成 脂肪族叠氮化物 高能化合物 

分 类 号：O621.3[理学—有机化学] TJ55[理学—化学]