镁-铝异种合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状及展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium-Aluminum Dissimilar Alloys

作　　者：张鹏飞 马振铎 张凌峰 姬坤海 谢龙飞 杨光 包建兴 薛爱堂 ZHANG Pengfei;MA Zhenduo;ZHANG Lingfeng;JI Kunhai;XIE Longfei;YANG Guang;BAO Jianxing;XUEAitang(Xi′an Institute of Rare Metal Material limited,Xi′an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《铜业工程》2024年第2期80-87,共8页Copper Engineering

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022GY-395);秦创原引用高层次创新创业人才项目(QCYRCXM-2022-290,QCYRCXM-2022-286,QCYRCXM-2023-036,QCYRCXM-2023-032);陕西省青年基金项目(2023-JC-QN-0518)资助。

摘　　要：镁合金具有高的比强度和比刚度,被广泛应用于各种工程领域。然而镁合金存在易腐蚀和成形性能差等缺点,极大地制约了镁合金的广泛应用。铝合金密度低,强度高,接近或超过优质钢,塑性好,可加工成各种型材,具有优良的导电性、导热性和抗蚀性,在工业上得到了广泛使用,使用量仅次于钢。在航空航天、轨道交通及汽车等精密工业中,异种合金间的焊接被认为是最复杂的工程之一。通过镁-铝异种合金的焊接,有效结合两种合金的优点,从而满足一些特殊工作环境对零件的使用要求。与此同时,镁-铝异种合金的焊接可显著节省材料从而降低成本,极大拓展了镁合金和铝合金的应用。搅拌摩擦焊可以显著改善传统熔焊工艺中存在的许多冶金问题,从而获得高质量的焊接接头。因此,不同牌号的镁-铝搅拌摩擦焊既有重大的科学研究价值又有巨大的工业应用价值。本文总结了镁-铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究进展,特别关注了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对微观组织演变、力学性能及相关缺陷的影响,并对后续的研究热点进行了展望。Magnesium alloys are widely used in various engineering fields because of their high specific strength and stiffness.However,magnesium alloys have some disadvantages such as easily corroded and poor formability,which greatly restrict the wide application of magnesium alloys.Aluminum alloy density is low density,high strength,close to or more than high-quality steel,good plasticity,can be processed into various profiles,with excellent electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance,widely used in industry,the use of second only to steel.Welding of dissimilar alloys is considered to be one of the most complicated engineering in aerospace,rail transit and automobile industries.Through the welding of Mg-Al dissimilar alloys can take advantage of the advantages of the two alloys at the same time,so as to meet the requirements of some special working environments for parts.At the same time,the welding of Mg-Al dissimilar alloys can significantly save materials and reduce costs,and greatly expand the application of magnesium and aluminum alloys.Friction stir welding(FSW)can significantly improve many metallurgical problems existing in traditional fusion welding process,so as to obtain high quality welded joints.Therefore,friction stir welding of magnesium-aluminum alloy with different brands not only has great scientific research value,but also has great industrial application value.This paper reviewed the research progress of friction stir welding of magnesium aluminum alloy,especially the influence of friction stir welding process parameters on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and related defects,and the future research hotspots were prospected.

关 键 词：镁-铝合金 搅拌摩擦焊 微观组织演变 力学性能 缺陷 

分 类 号：TG453.9[金属学及工艺—焊接]