不同CO_(2)浓度和氮肥水平对稻田呼吸速率的影响  

Effects of different CO_(2)concentrations and nitrogen levels on the respiration rate of paddy field

作　　者：柯浩楠 曹琰梅 商东耀 武熳秋 帅斯樑 李琪[1] 胡正华[1] KE Haonan;CAO Yanmei;SHANG Dongyao;WU Manqiu;SHUAI Siliang;LI Qi;HU Zhenghua(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Science,Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,China Meteorological Administration,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第3期567-575,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071023,41775152)。

摘　　要：为研究不同CO_(2)浓度和氮肥水平对稻田呼吸速率的影响,利用12个开顶式气室开展田间试验,CO_(2)浓度设置对照(CK,自由大气CO_(2)浓度)、CO_(2)浓度比CK增加120μmol·mol-1(C1)和200μmol·mol-1(C2)3个水平,氮肥设置低氮(N1,15 g·m^(-2))和常规氮肥(N2,25 g·m^(-2))2个水平,试验共6种处理。结果表明:在相同施氮水平下,在灌浆期和蜡熟期,C1N1比CKN1处理的呼吸速率分别下降了23.4%(P=0.045)和49.1%(P=0.010);在抽穗期和灌浆期,C2N2比CKN2处理的呼吸速率分别升高了12.3%(P=0.009)和16.8%(P=0.047)。同一CO_(2)浓度下,不同施氮水平处理的呼吸速率表现为N2>N1,且在拔节期和抽穗期达到显著水平,在灌浆期达到极显著水平;其中在灌浆期和蜡熟期,C1N1比C1N2处理的呼吸速率分别下降了31.1%(P=0.004)和42.7%(P=0.010)。研究表明,大气CO_(2)浓度升高对稻田呼吸速率的影响因生育时期而异,氮肥减施可以降低稻田呼吸速率及CO_(2)累积释放量。To explore the effects of different CO_(2)concentrations and nitrogen fertilizer levels on the respiration rate of paddy fields,a field experiment was conducted using 12 open-top chambers.Three levels of CO_(2)concentration were set:the control(CK,ambient atmospheric CO_(2)concentration),and CO_(2)concentrations increased by 120μmol·mol-1(C1)and 200μmol·mol-1(C2)compared with CK.Nitrogen fertilizer was set at two levels:low nitrogen application(N1,15 g·m^(-2))and conventional nitrogen fertilizer(N2,25 g·m^(-2)),with a total of 6 treatments in the experiment.The results showed that under the same nitrogen application level,the respiration rate of the C1N1 treatment decreased by 23.4%(P=0.045)and 49.1%(P=0.010)compared with the CKN1 treatment at the filling stage and wax ripening stage,respectively.During the heading and grain-filling stages,the respiration rates of the C2N2 treatment increased by 12.3%(P=0.009)and 16.8%(P=0.047)compared with the CKN2 treatment,respectively.Under the same level of CO_(2)concentration,the respiration rates of different nitrogen application levels showed that N2>N1 and showed a significant level during the elongation and heading stages and an extremely significant level during the grain filling stage.In the grain filling and wax ripening stages,the respiration rates of C1N1 treatment decreased by 31.1%(P=0.004)and 42.7%(P=0.010),respectively,compared with C1N2 treatment.This paper demonstrates that the effect of elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentration on the respiration rate of paddy fields varies with the growth period,and nitrogen fertilizer reduction can reduce the respiration rate and CO_(2)accumulation in paddy fields.

关 键 词：CO_(2)浓度 氮肥 呼吸速率 稻田 静态暗箱 气相色谱 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]