不同乡村地域类型农户生计资本和生计策略特征及影响因素——以于桥水库流域为例  

Livelihood strategies and livelihood capital characteristics of rural households in different rural areas:a case study of the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed

作　　者：马成 杨琰瑛 师荣光 李昂 武文豪[1,3] 夏维 米长虹 MA Cheng;YANG Yanying;SHI Rongguang;LI Ang;WU Wenhao;XIA wei;MI Changhong(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]农业农村部农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室,天津300191

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第3期717-727,共11页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001264);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(2023-CAAS-CXGC-SRG)。

摘　　要：农户生计方式不仅决定了农户的收入,还对区域环境产生了深刻的影响。不同乡村地域类型是影响农户生计资本和生计策略的重要因素。本研究通过参与式农村评估和问卷调查获取于桥水库流域512份农户生计的一手数据,构建了农户生计资本评价指标体系,依据收入结构划分农户生计策略,分析不同乡村地域类型的农户生计资本和生计策略特征,并利用多元回归方程解析生计资本对生计策略的影响。结果表明:流域内农户生计非农化成为普遍现象,纯非农型和非主农辅型生计策略占比分别为29.5%和42.6%。不同生计策略农户的生计资本存在显著差异:纯非农和非主农辅农户的总生计资本、人力资本、社会资本和金融资本显著高于纯农业和农主非辅农户,纯农业和农主非辅农户的自然资本显著高于纯非农型农户。不同乡村地域类型农户的生计资本水平和生计策略选择具有明显差异。经济作物区农户的总生计资本、自然资本显著高于其他地区,传统粮产区的金融资本最低。水库周边区生计策略主要为纯非农型,山地林木区和城镇周边区主要是非主农辅型,传统粮产区和经济作物区主要是纯非农型和非主农辅型,文化旅游区主要是非主农辅型和农主非辅型。人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、耕地破碎化程度、土壤肥力、劳动力占比、家庭人口平均年龄、交通工具和家庭人均收入等指标对农户生计策略选择具有显著影响。不同乡村地域类型生计资本和生计策略差异主要与地理区位、自然资源、社会资源和政策相关。最后,提出基于乡村地域特征的农户生计的针对性优化策略,为促进农户生计可持续发展提供参考。The livelihood of rural households not only determines their income,but also has a significant impact on the regional ecological environment.The differentiation of rural regional factors is one of the main driving factors for the diversity of livelihood capital levels and livelihood strategies in rural households.Analyzing the characteristics of livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of rural households in different rural areas is an important foundation for establishing sustainable livelihoods for local households.This study collected first-hand data from 512 rural households in the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed and constructed an evaluation index system for the livelihood capital of rural households.Livelihood strategies were divided into four types according to the income source of rural households,including purely agricultural(PA),mainly agricultural(MA),mainly non-agricultural(MNA),and purely non-agricultural(PNA).The characteristics of livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of rural households in different rural areas were analyzed.Finally,the impacts of livelihood capital on livelihood strategies were analyzed using multiple regression equations.The main findings are as follows:The non-agricultural livelihood of rural households has become a common phenomenon in the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed,with 42.6%MNA and 29.5%PNA.There were significant differences in the livelihood capital of rural households with different livelihood strategies.The total livelihood,human,social,and financial capital of PNA and MNA rural households were significantly higher than those of PA and MA rural households(P<0.05).The natural capital of PA and MA households was significantly higher than that of PNA households(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the level of livelihood capital and livelihood strategy choices of rural households in different rural areas.The total livelihood and natural capital of rural households in cash crop areas were significantly higher than those in other regions,whereas the financial ca

关 键 词：乡村地域 农户生计 生计资本 生计策略 饮用水源保护区 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]