某市轨道交通车站噪声水平调查  

The noise level in metro platforms and halls in a city

作　　者：侯雪波 张霞[1] 宁勇[1] 张琳 高剑晖[1] 王凯[1] 苏瑾[1] HOU Xuebo;ZHANG Xia;NING Yong;ZHANG Lin;GAO Jianhui;WANG Kai;SU Jin(Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第3期237-240,共4页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市卫生和计划生育委员会卫生行业临床研究专项青年项目(20184Y0093);上海市地方标准制修订项目(沪质技监标[2018]291号)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解某市轨交车站噪声水平及影响因素,为制定轨交车站噪声卫生标准提供技术依据。【方法】在工作日的早高峰(7:00—9:30)和平峰时段(9:30—17:00),使用噪声检测仪对13个轨交车站站台的39个监测点和6个轨交车站站厅的31个监测点进行噪声监测,监测布点和检测方法参照GB/T 18204.1—2013《公共场所卫生检验方法第1部分:物理因素》。【结果】车站内噪声水平范围为69.25~86.17 dB(A),低于75 dB(A)的占比44.74%、低于80 dB(A)的占比89.47%、低于85 dB(A)的占比97.37%。站台的各监测点均值[(76.38±4.19)dB(A)]高于站厅[(74.24±4.50)dB(A)](P<0.01),高架车站站台的监测均值[(80.01±2.25)dB(A)]高于地下车站站台[(75.73±4.13)dB(A)](P<0.01),无屏蔽门设置的地下站台噪声水平[(80.21±5.08)dB(A)]高于有屏蔽门设置的地下站台[(74.73±3.16)dB(A)](P<0.01);不同监测时段、站台区域、站台深度、站台形式和运行年限之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】该市目前轨道交通车站内噪声水平不完全满足现行相关标准要求,建议采取减噪措施降低轨道交通车站噪声。[Objective]To investigate the noise level and influencing factors in metro platforms and station halls,thereby providing the scientific basis for the establishment of hygienic standards.[Methods]During the morning peak(7:00‒9:30)and off-peak(9:30‒17:00)on weekdays,the noise levels were measured with noise meters at 39 monitoring points of 13 station platforms and 31 monitoring points of 6 station halls.The monitoring points arrangement and detection methods referred to the Examination methods for public places—Part 1:physical parameters(GB/T 18204.1‒2013).[Results]The measured noise level in the station ranged from 69.25 to 86.17 dB(A),accounting for 44.74%below 75 dB(A),89.47%below 80 dB(A)and 97.37%below 85 dB(A).The noise level of the platform[(76.38±4.19)dB(A)]was higher than that of the station hall[(74.24±4.50)dB(A)](P<0.01).The noise level of the elevated platforms[(80.01±2.25)dB(A)]was higher than that of the underground platforms[(75.73±4.13)dB(A)](P<0.01),and the noise level of the platforms without platform screen doors(PSD)[(80.21±5.08)dB(A)]was higher than that of platforms with PSD[(74.73±3.16)dB(A)](P<0.01).No statistical significant differences were observed among the different areas of the platforms,monitoring periods,platform depth,exit mode and operation years(P>0.05).[Conclusion]The noise level in metro stations in the city does not fully meet the requirements of current relevant standards.It is suggested to take noise reduction measures to reduce the noise of metro stations.

关 键 词：轨道交通 列车车站 等效A声级 卫生标准 站台屏蔽门 

分 类 号：R128[医药卫生—环境卫生学]