质量体积双约束下车辆装载与配送路径联合优化研究  

Joint Optimization of Vehicle Loading and Distribution Routes under Dual Constraints of Quality and Volume

作　　者：任宗伟[1] 钱志军 郑玮 蒲炜 张宁[3] 祁彬彬 REN Zongwei;QIAN Zhijun;ZHENG Wei;PU Wei;ZHANG Ning;QI Binbin(School of Management,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150028,China;Kunlun Digital Intelligence Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China;China National Petroleum Corporation Hebei Sales Branch,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学管理学院,哈尔滨150028 [2]昆仑数智科技有限责任公司,北京100000 [3]中国石油天然气股份有限公司河北销售分公司,石家庄050000

出　　处：《包装工程》2024年第9期232-242,共11页Packaging Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71371061);国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1402500);黑龙江省哲学社会科学资助项目(23RKB134);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2023G009)。

摘　　要：目的针对质量与体积共同限制的配送路径问题,综合考虑订单不可拆分、货物的体积等约束,构建包含路径最短和装载率最高双目标的车辆装载与配送路径联合优化模型。方法在车辆路径优化模型的求解方面,首先利用聚类算法对配送区域进行划分,然后通过车辆的载质量判断是否能进行站点货物的配送,最后利用遗传算法求得最优路径。在三维装载模型的求解上使用贪心算法和基于块的启发式算法,解决了货物的装箱问题。结果基于某公司具体实例对模型与算法的可行性进行了验证,优化后配送的车辆减少了1辆,配送距离减少了154.247 km,平均装载率达到了93.89%,节省了企业的配送成本。结论所构建的模型以及求解的算法可以提高装载率和配送效率,为解决车辆装载与配送路径联合优化问题提供理论依据。The work aims to construct a joint optimization model for vehicle loading and distribution routes with the shortest route and the highest loading rate,taking into account constraints such as the indivisibility of orders and the volume of goods,so as to address the delivery route problem with common limitations of quality and volume.In terms of solving the vehicle route optimization model,first the clustering algorithm was used to partition the distribution area,and then the load capacity of the vehicle was used to determine whether the station goods could be delivered.Finally,the genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimal route.The greedy algorithm and the block based heuristic algorithm were used to solve the loading problem of goods in the 3D loading model.The feasibility of the model and the algorithm was verified based on a specific example of a company.After optimization,the number of vehicles for delivery was reduced by 1,the delivery distance was reduced by 154.247 km,and the average loading rate reached 93.89%,saving the company's delivery costs.The results indicate that the constructed model and the solved algorithm can improve loading rate and delivery efficiency,providing a theoretical basis for solving the joint optimization problem of vehicle loading and distribution routes.

关 键 词：路径优化 遗传算法 三维装载 基于块的启发式算法 

分 类 号：TB485.3[一般工业技术—包装工程] F540[经济管理—产业经济]