从开发式援助到赋能式援助——中国国际发展合作范式变革研究  

From Development-Oriented Aid to Capacity-Oriented Aid:The Paradigm Shifts of International Development Cooperation in China

作　　者：赵可金 蔡锐 ZHAO Kejin;CAI Rui(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Head Office of Agricultural Development Bank of China,Beijing 100045)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084 [2]中国农业发展银行总行,北京100045

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期23-34,共12页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：中国教育发展战略学会国际胜任力培养专业委员会2021—2022年度重点课题“中国国际发展合作战略与人才培养研究”(SRA202108)。

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,中国的对外援助形成了独特的中国路径。与其他大国相比,中国的对外援助坚持不附带任何政治条件,不干涉受援国内政,形成了开发式援助的独特路径。此种开发式援助在取得一定效果的同时,也存在不少问题,如可能导致受援国无法形成自主可持续发展的能力。随着中国综合国力和国际影响力不断提升,中国逐步从以国际主义理念为主导的对外援助向以共商共建共享理念为主导的国际发展合作转型。通过分析中国对非洲加纳的援助案例,发现:从开发式援助向国际发展合作转型是新时代中国对外援助的大势所趋,决定援助效果的关键因素是国际发展的治理体系设计和治理能力水平。新时代中国国际发展合作应高举全球南方的旗帜,在南南合作的框架下,在尊重受援国意愿的基础上,更加突出赋能式援助,重视完善与有关方开展优势互补、富有成效的三边和区域合作治理体系,不断提升发展合作的治理能力,共同推动全球减贫和可持续发展进程。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, its approach to foreign aid has followed a unique trajectory. Compared with other major powers, China’s foreign aid policy insists on not imposing any political conditions and not interfering in recipient countries’ internal affairs, forming a paradigm of development-oriented aid. Despite certain achievements, such a paradigm also has its limits, as the recipient countries fail to develop the capability for sustainable self-development. As China’s comprehensive national strength and international influence continue to grow, China’s aid paradigm has gradually transitioned from a paradigm of foreign aid dominated by internationalism to “international development cooperation” aiming to achieve shared growth through consultation and collaboration. Through case analysis of China’s aid to Ghana, Africa, the study finds that such transition is inevitable in the new era, while the international development system design and capacity for governance determine the effect of aid. In the new era, while respecting the wishes of recipient countries, China’s international development cooperation should remain committed to the Global South, give greater emphasis to capacity-oriented aid within the framework of the South-South cooperation, and continuously improve the system for governance of trilateral and regional cooperation with relevant parties to achieve complementary and fruitful cooperation, thereby improving the capacity for governance of development cooperation and jointly promoting the process of global poverty alleviation and sustainable development.

关 键 词：对外援助 开发式援助 赋能式援助 国际发展合作 治理体系与治理能力 

分 类 号：D822.34[政治法律—政治学]